{"id":20813,"date":"2023-12-06T02:04:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T02:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-tieng-anh-la-gi-va-cac-thuat-ngu-can-biet.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T04:53:01","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T21:53:01","slug":"thiet-ke-co-so-tieng-anh-la-gi-va-cac-thuat-ngu-can-biet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thiet-ke-co-so-tieng-anh-la-gi-va-cac-thuat-ngu-can-biet.html","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng\u2026 h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 design. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi trang,\u2026<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 basic design \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c \/ \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean cao, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cao t\u1ea7ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \/ t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gia c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t, m\u00f3ng, s\u00e0n\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 2D v\u00e0 3D, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch mua s\u1eafm\u2026 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 basic design l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c trong ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Concept drawing: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac s\u01b0, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Construction drawings\/working drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Design drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf. B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Detailed drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\/x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u00e0y n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn;<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, dung sai v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n;<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1;<\/p>\n<p>\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Floor plans: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e9p chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf, cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Site plans: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Electrical drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Perspective drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ba chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CAD), m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 (BIM) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c do m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra (CGI).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Installation drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A section drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf. B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn qua c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xung quanh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng), bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Production drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p,\u2026 Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Elevation: \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u00fap ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>General notes: ghi ch\u00fa chung<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt, m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1, ki\u1ec3u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Excavation drawings: b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd khai th\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd khai th\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e0o r\u00e3nh, tr\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Line plan: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eeda v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i dung h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ti\u1ebfn Huy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng\u2026 h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[428],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20813"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20813"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20813\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}