{"id":21456,"date":"2023-12-06T02:43:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T02:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bay-thu-nhap-trung-binh-la-gi-va-chien-luoc-de-vuot-qua.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T04:55:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T21:55:07","slug":"bay-thu-nhap-trung-binh-la-gi-va-chien-luoc-de-vuot-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/bay-thu-nhap-trung-binh-la-gi-va-chien-luoc-de-vuot-qua.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/figure>\n

N\u1ebfu theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (Middle income trap). V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung quanh n\u00f3?<\/p>\n

B\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

B\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (1.025 \u2013 12.475 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao (tr\u00ean 12.475 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 15 trong s\u1ed1 101 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Singapore, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

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\u201cB\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1eafc b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ea1nh l\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 l\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng;<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra xung quanh b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao sau h\u01a1n 250 n\u0103m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 200 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n?<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n cho nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng khi kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngu\u1ed3n cung lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u2013 M\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u00e2n tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadt l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u2013 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, bong b\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1eafc b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u2013 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, k\u00eanh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u2013 D\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u00fat lui nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi ti\u00eau cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd trang b\u1ecb cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u \u2013 \u00a0D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00e2u \u00c1.\u00a0C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eaby.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e2m Nguy\u1ec5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (Middle income trap). V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung quanh n\u00f3?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[429],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21456"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21456"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21456\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}