{"id":21633,"date":"2023-12-06T02:49:38","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T02:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/economic-order-quantity-la-gi-va-cach-ap-dung.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T04:55:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T21:55:47","slug":"economic-order-quantity-la-gi-va-cach-ap-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/economic-order-quantity-la-gi-va-cach-ap-dung.html","title":{"rendered":"Economic order quantity l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/figure>\n

Economic order quantity l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

EOQ l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Economic order quantity (EOQ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kinh t\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Economic order quantity l\u00e0 g\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i kho sao cho t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 cung \u1ee9ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn doanh thu t\u1ed1i \u0111a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1915 b\u1edfi \u00f4ng Ford. W. Ham v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, Economic order quantity (EOQ) \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00fap r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef = Chi ph\u00ed mua h\u00e0ng (ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) + Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) + Chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed3n kho.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi ph\u00ed mua h\u00e0ng (ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) = \u0110\u01a1n gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng (P) x S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng (D)<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u) = Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (S) x S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng (D) \/ Q<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed3n kho = chi ph\u00ed d\u01b0\u0323\u00a0tr\u01b0\u0303\u00a0h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng na\u0306m (H) x Q\/2<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ, doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 Q \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

Q l\u00e0 lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ha\u0300ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f4\u0303i l\u00e2\u0300n<\/p>\n

D l\u00e0 lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng nhu c\u00e2\u0300u v\u00ea\u0300\u00a0h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng na\u0306m<\/p>\n

S l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1\u0306t ha\u0300ng<\/p>\n

H l\u00e0 chi phi\u0301 d\u01b0\u0323\u00a0tr\u01b0\u0303\u00a0h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng na\u0306m<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: Doanh nghi\u1ec7p A hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang kinh doanh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 240 th\u00f9ng. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 100.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 140.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ed3n kho h\u00e0ng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfm 30% cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c EOQ ta c\u00f3: Q = 33.81 hay l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 34 th\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c EOQ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ trong kinh doanh<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a (ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t hay c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u).<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ec trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c linh ho\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n sai s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c nhau theo s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u00eam v\u00e0o thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n kho cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u00e1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh EOQ m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi Economic order quantity l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kinh t\u1ebf sao cho gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed3n kho. Qua \u0111\u00f3, mang \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Economic order quantity l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[429],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21633"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21633\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}