{"id":21783,"date":"2023-12-06T02:55:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T02:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/confidence-interval-la-gi-khai-niem-va-cach-tinh-chuan-xac.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T04:56:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T21:56:16","slug":"confidence-interval-la-gi-khai-niem-va-cach-tinh-chuan-xac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/confidence-interval-la-gi-khai-niem-va-cach-tinh-chuan-xac.html","title":{"rendered":"Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2013 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. Theo \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Confidence Interval (CI) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady, l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng 2 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Confidence Interval \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tham s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. Tuy v\u1eady, kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tham s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

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Confidence Interval l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec, kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00edch. Do v\u1eady kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 mang t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 95. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 90% hay 99%.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Confidence Interval<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sai s\u1ed1, v\u1eady c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Theo Jerzy Neyman, cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Confidence Interval, c\u00f3 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ra kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ra kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 tham s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Confidence Interval<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0Confidence Interval \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady\u00a0\u03b1% t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m 2 s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1 \u2013 \u03b1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady\u00a0\u03b1% c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa 2 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ra 3 m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady cho m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu. Khi \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00f9 cho 3 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1eabu 1 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 1 \u2013 95%, ta n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn 95% r\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd sai l\u1ec7ch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Confidence Interval<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1. Ki\u1ec3m tra u\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean nam \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng XYZ v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 81 kg. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1eabu l\u00e0 1000 sinh vi\u00ean nam c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng XYZ.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a 1000 sinh vi\u00ean nam. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a 1000 sinh vi\u00ean nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn r\u1ed3i \u0111em chia cho 1000. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 81 kg.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: t\u00ecm gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 14 kg.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4. Ch\u1ecdn kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady mong mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady mong mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Confidence Interval ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Th\u1ebf Confidence Interval th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 90%, 95% ho\u1eb7c 99%. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t Confidence Interval l\u00e0 95%.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5. T\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sai s\u1ed1<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:\u00a0H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tin c\u1eady x Sai s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tin c\u1eady = Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady \/ 2<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, ta \u0111ang x\u00e9t kho\u1ea3ng tin tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 95%, chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 0,95. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tin c\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p chia 0,95\/2, ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,475. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng\u00a0Z table (b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tin c\u1eady), b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi 0,475 l\u00e0 1,96.<\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n = \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n \/ c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a k\u00edch c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh sai s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y 14 (\u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n) chia cho c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a 1000 (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu). Ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14\/31,6 = 0,44 kg.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb hai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean, ta t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sai s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y 1,96 x 0,44 = 0,86 (kg).<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 6. Ghi kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi theo m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh \u00b1 Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sai s\u1ed1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ghi 81 \u00b1 0,86 kg. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tham s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi = 81 \u2013 0,86 = 80,14 (kg).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean = 81+ 0,86 = 81,86 (kg).<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 Confidence Interval<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 188cm.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Confidence Interval. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00e0 95%, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 183cm v\u00e0 193cm. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y 100 m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 183 \u2013 193cm s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong 95 m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mu\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00ean 99%. L\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady 99% th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 178 \u2013 198cm. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i 99 trong s\u1ed1 100 m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung Confidence Interval<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n cho ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, mong r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Pha L\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Confidence Interval l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. Theo \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[429],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21783"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21783\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}