{"id":23688,"date":"2023-12-06T08:48:49","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/quang-canh-nong-nghiep-extensive-farming-la-gi-quang-canh-va-tham-canh.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:03:01","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:03:01","slug":"quang-canh-nong-nghiep-extensive-farming-la-gi-quang-canh-va-tham-canh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/quang-canh-nong-nghiep-extensive-farming-la-gi-quang-canh-va-tham-canh.html","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3ng canh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Extensive farming) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Qu\u1ea3ng canh v\u00e0 th\u00e2m canh"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: pinterest)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qu\u1ea3ng canh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3ng canh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Extensive farming <\/b>hay Extensive agriculture.<\/b><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3ng canh\u00a0n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t – k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u gia s\u00fac v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3ng canh v\u00e0 th\u00e2m canh<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: qu\u1ea3ng canh v\u00e0 th\u00e2m canh. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, C.M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: “T\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n “qu\u1ea3ng canh” n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 “th\u00e2m canh” n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3ng canh,\u00a0th\u00e2m canh\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3ng canh t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3ng canh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb 510 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n n\u0103m 1901 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 771 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n n\u0103m 1950, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1eeb 508 tri\u1ec7u ha l\u00ean 723 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u0103ng 41,76% trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng 5,68%.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, song do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canh t\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00e2m canh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau – 1960, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.025 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n (t\u0103ng 41,77% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1950). N\u0103m 1996, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2049 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2m canh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u00f3 t\u00ednh qui lu\u1eadt, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e2m canh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf qu\u1ea3ng canh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00e2m canh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng canh (theo ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9) c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3ng canh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, con gia s\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eabn nhau v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00e2m canh t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, PGS. TS. V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1eafng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, )<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Qu\u1ea3ng canh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Extensive farming) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23688"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23688"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23688\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}