{"id":23729,"date":"2023-12-06T08:50:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khi-nha-kinh-greenhouse-gas-la-gi-nguon-phat-thai.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:03:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:03:04","slug":"khi-nha-kinh-greenhouse-gas-la-gi-nguon-phat-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khi-nha-kinh-greenhouse-gas-la-gi-nguon-phat-thai.html","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (Greenhouse gas) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: Insideclimatenews)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Greenhouse gas.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/b> (KNK) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i (h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i cho Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c KNK ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m: h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, CO2<\/sub>, CH4<\/sub>, N2<\/sub>O, O3<\/sub>, c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CFC. Trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a sao Kim, sao H\u1ecfa v\u00e0 Titan c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. KNK \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 33\u00b0C (59\u00b0F).<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 4 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

– N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:\u00a0L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 90% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 75% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KNK kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. 95% c\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 CO2<\/sub>, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 CH4<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 NO v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chia th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m:\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i do \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i,…);\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e9n do r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u,…);\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c bon. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ebfn 70% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

– Qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (IPPU):\u00a0Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IPPU ph\u00e1t sinh trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng KNK trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bon trong c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1eed l\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00ed. B\u1edfi \u1edf c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i KNK \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, bao g\u1ed3m: CO2<\/sub>, CH4<\/sub>, N2<\/sub>O, HFCs v\u00e0 PFCs.<\/p>\n

– N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (AFOLU):\u00a0C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m: Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CH4<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 N2<\/sub>O t\u1eeb ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p;\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i\/h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 CO2<\/sub>\u00a0trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i chung, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c AFOLU \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 30% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do CO2<\/sub>\u00a0ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi) v\u00e0 CH4<\/sub>, N2<\/sub>O t\u1eeb tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i:\u00a0C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i KNK c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m: CO2<\/sub>, CH4<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 N2<\/sub>O. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0: ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn; x\u1eed l\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn; thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1edf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i; x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, CH4<\/sub>\u00a0ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn (SWDS), chi\u1ebfm t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KNK c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. CH4<\/sub>\u00a0trong x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i, x\u1eed l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng metan (NMVOCs), NOx<\/sub>, CO v\u00e0 NH3<\/sub>. NOx<\/sub>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sinh ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n NH3<\/sub>\u00a0sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh compost. Hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra N2<\/sub>O. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng N2<\/sub>O ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ThS. B\u00e0nh Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Lan, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, )<\/i><\/header>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\n Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Greenhouse gas) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i cho Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23729"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23729"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23729\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}