{"id":23765,"date":"2023-12-06T08:52:53","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khong-co-su-lua-chon-nao-khac-there-is-no-alternative-tina-la-gi-anh-huong-cua-tina.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:04:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:04:27","slug":"khong-co-su-lua-chon-nao-khac-there-is-no-alternative-tina-la-gi-anh-huong-cua-tina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khong-co-su-lua-chon-nao-khac-there-is-no-alternative-tina-la-gi-anh-huong-cua-tina.html","title":{"rendered":"‘Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c’ (There is No Alternative – TINA) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a TINA"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>
\n

\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Twitter<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

‘Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c’\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

“Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c”\u00a0<\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 “There is No Alternative”.<\/b><\/p>\n

“Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c”<\/b>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TINA, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Victoria Herbert Spencer v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Anh Margaret Thatcher v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 k\u00e9m l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng TINA, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a TINA<\/font><\/h3>\n

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u00d4ng tin v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng – kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng Thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Darwin n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ecd: ‘Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c’.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a TINA \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/font><\/h3>\n

Margaret Thatcher, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c phe b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Anh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1979 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Spencer khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eadp trung ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thatcher, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 – \u00f4ng Francis Fukuyama, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh oan. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. ‘S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed’ m\u00e0 Marx h\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a TINA \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng TINA \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n thanh kho\u1ea3n k\u00e9m th\u00ec nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, thay v\u00ec qui th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng suy ngh\u0129, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng TINA. Trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c” (ti\u1ebfng Anh: There is No Alternative) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TINA, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Victoria Herbert Spencer v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Anh Margaret Thatcher v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23765"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23765"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23765\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}