{"id":23788,"date":"2023-12-06T08:54:03","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/su-danh-doi-giua-cong-bang-va-hieu-qua-equity-efficiency-tradeoff-la-gi-dac-diem.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:04:30","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:04:30","slug":"su-danh-doi-giua-cong-bang-va-hieu-qua-equity-efficiency-tradeoff-la-gi-dac-diem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/su-danh-doi-giua-cong-bang-va-hieu-qua-equity-efficiency-tradeoff-la-gi-dac-diem.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (Equity-Efficiency Tradeoff) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Wiki)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Equity-Efficiency Tradeoff.<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b> x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m cho t\u00ednh\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn xung quanh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c n\u01a1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0\u00a0GDP\u00a0\u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u00edt gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o hay li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/font><\/h3>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ed5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 Pareto.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 Pareto v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Pareto v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5ng b\u1eb1ng 0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0OECD,\u00a0IMF\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong thu nh\u1eadp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/font><\/h3>\n

Khi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi c\u01a1 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Equity-Efficiency Tradeoff) x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m cho t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23788"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23788\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}