{"id":23833,"date":"2023-12-06T08:55:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:55:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tong-huu-dung-total-utility-la-gi-dac-diem-va-cong-thuc-tinh.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:09:02","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:09:02","slug":"tong-huu-dung-total-utility-la-gi-dac-diem-va-cong-thuc-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tong-huu-dung-total-utility-la-gi-dac-diem-va-cong-thuc-tinh.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng (Total Utility) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>
\n

(\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Simple Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Total Utility.<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng,<\/b> hay t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch, hay h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng (Utility) trong kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/b> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kinh t\u1ebf trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xem nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u00e0nh vi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng bi\u00ean t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, c\u1eadn bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi\u00a0l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy l\u00ed\u00a0(Rational choice theory) v\u00e0\u00a0Qui lu\u1eadt l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n\u00a0(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility).<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n\u00a0cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cho s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecd b\u1ecf ra.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 utils. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e1nh cookie cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong khi m\u1ed9t t\u00fai b\u00e1nh cookie c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh cookie trong t\u00fai.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng bi\u00ean ri\u00eang. T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/b> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng utils th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch utils \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb utilis l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 TU = U1 + MU2 + MU3 + \u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:\u00a0<\/p>\n

TU = T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

U = H\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

MU = H\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng bi\u00ean<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng<\/b> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p hai t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn mua h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u01a1n t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u1ed5ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Total Utility) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23833"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23833"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23833\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}