{"id":23862,"date":"2023-12-06T08:57:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/du-lieu-doc-longitudinal-data-la-gi-dac-diem.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:09:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:09:04","slug":"du-lieu-doc-longitudinal-data-la-gi-dac-diem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/du-lieu-doc-longitudinal-data-la-gi-dac-diem.html","title":{"rendered":"D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc (Longitudinal data) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Curran-Bauer Analytics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc<\/font><\/b><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Longitudinal data.<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc<\/b>, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khung th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngang (cross-sectional data) \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian, trong khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngang l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ty, qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c) t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngang s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngang l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong bao l\u00e2u, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i hay kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ee7i ro, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng theo th\u1eddi gian, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, do \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

(Theo\u00a0Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecdc (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Longitudinal data), \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t khung th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23862"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23862"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23862\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}