{"id":23886,"date":"2023-12-06T08:58:18","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ham-san-xuat-production-function-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:19:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:19:41","slug":"ham-san-xuat-production-function-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ham-san-xuat-production-function-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Production Function) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda: Policonomics)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Production Function<\/b>.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/b> l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u00ec qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Q = F(L,K,H,N)<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

– Q l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

– L, K, H, N l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (L), t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n (nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c) (K), v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (H) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai (N) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 F\u00a0bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb\u00a0Q\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\u00a0K,\u00a0L… Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra\u00a0t\u1ed1i \u0111a,\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n\u00a0k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a duy nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0 nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, khi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 100 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c 10 gi\u1edd m\u00e1y (v\u1ed1n) v\u00e0 8 gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c 6 gi\u1edd m\u00e1y v\u00e0 18 gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u1ede v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra 100 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb hai k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a). Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (hay ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u01a1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u0169. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y cho t\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi\u00a0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Fixed Proportion Production Function)<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn (Variable Proportion Production Function)<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (Linear Homogeneous Production Function)<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Cobb-Douglas (Cobb-Douglas Production Function)<\/p>\n

– H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n thay th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i hay h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t CES (Constant Elasticity of Substitution)<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00f3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn marketing c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Theo Businessjargons, T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc – NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, Quantri<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n H\u00e0m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Production Function) l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23886"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23886"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23886\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}