{"id":23890,"date":"2023-12-06T08:58:27","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-loi-ich-do-duoc-cardinal-utility-theory-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:19:41","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:19:41","slug":"li-thuyet-loi-ich-do-duoc-cardinal-utility-theory-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-loi-ich-do-duoc-cardinal-utility-theory-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Cardinal Utility Theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>
\n

\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Cardinal Utility Theory <\/b>hay Cardinal Utility Approach.<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 1, 2, 3,…<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc t\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Utils”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/font><\/h3>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i \u00edch. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau:<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5?<\/i><\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 thu nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, sao cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a?<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00ed<\/b>: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t l\u00ed tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba,…<\/p>\n

– Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (Ti\u1ec1n)<\/b>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn mua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/b>: M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b>: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 cho n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 1 Util = 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

– L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n<\/b>: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Qui lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

– L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i<\/b>: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

– L\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung<\/b>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i \u00edch ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

(Theo\u00a0 Businessjargons<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Cardinal Utility Theory) tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23890"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23890\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}