{"id":23894,"date":"2023-12-06T08:58:37","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cac-loai-thang-do-scales-of-measurement-trong-thong-ke-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:19:42","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:19:42","slug":"cac-loai-thang-do-scales-of-measurement-trong-thong-ke-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/cac-loai-thang-do-scales-of-measurement-trong-thong-ke-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o (Scales of Measurement) trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-body vceditor-content wi-active\" data-role=\"content\">\n                            <!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}-->  <\/p>\n<figure class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"Photo\" style=\"\">\n<div><\/div><figcaption class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p data-placeholder=\"[Nh\u1eadp ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1ea3nh]\" class=\"\">H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: <i>cdn1.byjus.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 <b>Scales of Measurement<\/b> ho\u1eb7c <b>Measurement scales<\/b> ho\u1eb7c <b>Levels of Measurement<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><b>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o<\/b> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/font><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh danh (Nominal scale)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thang \u0111o ch\u1ee9a \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u00e1n s\u1ed1 1 cho qu\u0129 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, s\u1ed1 2 cho qu\u0129 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><b>2. Thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc (Ordinal scale)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n so thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh danh. Trong thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a 1.000 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n h\u00f3a nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n s\u1ed1 1 cho 100 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 2 cho 100 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo,&#8230;, g\u00e1n s\u1ed1 10 cho 100 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 4, nh\u01b0ng thang \u0111o kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa 3 v\u00e0 4 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t 4 v\u00e0 5.<\/p>\n<p><b>3. Thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng (Interval scale)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng nhau. \u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 11\u00b0 C n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n 10\u00b0 C v\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa 10\u00b0 C v\u00e0 11\u00b0 C gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa 40\u00b0 C v\u00e0 41\u00b0 C.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m 0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 0\u00b0 C kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. Do v\u1eady, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 trong th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, 50\u00b0 C m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p n\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi 10\u00b0 C, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea5p n\u0103m l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. Thang \u0111o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (Ratio scale)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Thang \u0111o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c thang \u0111o, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng. Thang \u0111o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nhau gi\u1eefa th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c 0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 0 \u0111\u00f4 la c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c mua, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u00f4 la, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c mua g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n<p>(Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: <i>Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-sapo\" data-role=\"sapo\">\n                            C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thang \u0111o (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Scales of Measurement) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.\n                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23894"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23894"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23894\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}