{"id":23919,"date":"2023-12-06T08:59:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T08:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/toc-do-tang-truong-kinh-te-thuc-real-economic-growth-rate-la-gi-cong-thuc-tinh-va-vi-du.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:19:44","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:19:44","slug":"toc-do-tang-truong-kinh-te-thuc-real-economic-growth-rate-la-gi-cong-thuc-tinh-va-vi-du","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/toc-do-tang-truong-kinh-te-thuc-real-economic-growth-rate-la-gi-cong-thuc-tinh-va-vi-du.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c (Real Economic Growth Rate) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Reddit)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Real Economic Growth Rate.<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c<\/b>, hay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c<\/b>, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i GDP theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m danh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong GDP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1edbi n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n\u00a0(GNP), \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o thu nh\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c?<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c<\/b> l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u00f3 \u00edch h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP danh ngh\u0129a, v\u00ec n\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c,<\/b> hay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u00eau ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, chi ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u tr\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hay t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

GDP th\u1ef1c = GDP \/ (1 + L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m g\u1ed1c)<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m g\u1ed1c (Base year) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 GDP.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf = (GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u0103m g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t – GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc) \/ GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/p>\n

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\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u00ednh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c<\/b> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng chung theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t 1% so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t 10% s\u1ebd l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00ec GDP danh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf <\/b>thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong 04 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy tho\u00e1i, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1y, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP s\u1ebd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00ec c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3% ho\u1eb7c 4%, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf co h\u1eb9p s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n khi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ec3n sang ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2009 khi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u00e2m trong 04 qu\u00fd li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng suy tho\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra sau cu\u1ed9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\u00a0(Great Depression). Sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 2009, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Theo Karim Foda v\u00e0 Eswar Prasad, l\u00e0 hai chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, , M\u1ef9 cho th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n 18% so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi t\u00ednh GDP theo \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP th\u1ef1c \u1edf M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Real Economic Growth Rate) \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i GDP theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23919"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23919"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23919\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}