{"id":24005,"date":"2023-12-06T09:03:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T09:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dai-han-long-run-la-gi-dac-diem-vi-du-va-cac-luu-y.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:30:36","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:30:36","slug":"dai-han-long-run-la-gi-dac-diem-vi-du-va-cac-luu-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dai-han-long-run-la-gi-dac-diem-vi-du-va-cac-luu-y.html","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n (Long Run) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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(\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: Wix)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Long Run<\/b>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong\u00a0ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/font><\/h3>\n

D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/b> l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gia nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 chung, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qui mo s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng (ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m) qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn (ho\u1eb7c thua l\u1ed7), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u00ea 01 n\u0103m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/b> l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian thu\u00ea d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 01 n\u0103m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho thu\u00ea sau n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho thu\u00ea.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/b>, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 tay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u0103ng l\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd qui m\u00f4 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qui m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd qui m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chung v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n (long-run average cost – LRAC), chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3 thi khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng LRAC l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu LRAC gi\u1ea3m khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd qui m\u00f4.<\/i><\/p>\n

Khi LRAC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd qui m\u00f4, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu LRAC kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i theo qui m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (short-run average cost – SRAC), m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng LRAC s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Long Run) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24005"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24005"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24005\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}