{"id":24053,"date":"2023-12-06T09:06:31","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T09:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/quan-li-rung-ben-vung-sustainable-forest-management-sfm-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:36:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:36:37","slug":"quan-li-rung-ben-vung-sustainable-forest-management-sfm-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/quan-li-rung-ben-vung-sustainable-forest-management-sfm-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (Sustainable forest management – SFM) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: governmenteuropa)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sustainable forest management – SFM.<\/b><\/p>\n

– Theo ITTO (T\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c g\u00f4\u0303 nhi\u1eb9\u0302t \u0111\u01a1\u0301i qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301)<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/b> la\u0300 qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh qua\u0309n l\u00ed nh\u01b0\u0303ng la\u0302m ph\u1ea1\u0302n \u00f4\u0309n \u0111i\u0323nh nh\u0103\u0300m \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c m\u1ecd\u0302t ho\u1ea1\u0306c nhi\u00ea\u0300u ho\u031bn nh\u01b0\u0303ng mu\u0323c tie\u0302u qua\u0309n l\u00ed r\u01b0\u0300ng \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 ra m\u1ecd\u0302t ca\u0301ch ro\u0303 ra\u0300ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nhu\u031b \u0111a\u0309m ba\u0309o sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t lie\u0302n tu\u0323c nh\u01b0\u0303ng sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m va\u0300 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 mong mu\u00f4\u0301n ma\u0300 kho\u0302ng la\u0300m gia\u0309m \u0111a\u0301ng k\u00ea\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng gia\u0301 tri\u0323 di truy\u00ea\u0300n va\u0300 na\u0306ng su\u00e2\u0301t tu\u031bo\u031bng lai cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u0300ng va\u0300 kho\u0302ng ga\u0302y ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kho\u0302ng mong mu\u00f4\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n va\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i.<\/p>\n

– Theo Ti\u00ea\u0301n tri\u0300nh Hensinki<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/b> la\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 qua\u0309n l\u00ed r\u01b0\u0300ng va\u0300 \u0111\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u0300ng theo ca\u0301ch th\u01b0\u0301c va\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302 phu\u0300 h\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u00ea\u0309 duy tri\u0300 ti\u0301nh \u0111a da\u0323ng sinh ho\u0323c, na\u0306ng su\u00e2\u0301t, kha\u0309 na\u0306ng ta\u0301i sinh, s\u01b0\u0301c s\u00f4\u0301ng cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u0300ng va\u0300 duy tri\u0300 ti\u00ea\u0300m na\u0306ng cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u0300ng trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n va\u0300 trong tu\u031bo\u031bng lai, ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u0301c na\u0306ng sinh tha\u0301i, kinh t\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u0300ng \u01a1\u0309 c\u00e2\u0301p \u0111i\u0323a phu\u031bo\u031bng, c\u00e2\u0301p qu\u00f4\u0301c gia va\u0300 toa\u0300n c\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300 kho\u0302ng ga\u0302y ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng ta\u0301c ha\u0323i \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i kha\u0301c.<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c nguye\u0302n\u00a0l\u00ed\u00a0qua\u0309n\u00a0l\u00ed\u00a0r\u01b0\u0300ng b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Nguye\u0302n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u01b0\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300:<\/b> S\u01b0\u0323 bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1eb9\u0302 trong s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng: Cu\u1ecd\u0302c s\u00f4\u0301ng con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i luo\u0302n g\u0103\u0301n v\u01a1\u0301i s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n thie\u0302n nhie\u0302n va\u0300 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng no\u0301, chu\u0301ng ta c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 no\u0301 vi\u0300 ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n thie\u0302n nhie\u0302n kho\u0302ng pha\u0309i la\u0300 vo\u0302 t\u1ea1\u0302n.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111i\u0323nh nghi\u0303a Brundtland thi\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng la\u0300 “s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n \u0111a\u0301p \u01b0\u0301ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c nhu c\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a hi\u1eb9\u0302n ta\u0323i ma\u0300 kho\u0302ng la\u0300m a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n ca\u0301c kha\u0309 na\u0306ng cu\u0309a ca\u0301c th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1eb9\u0302 tu\u031bo\u031bng lai \u0111a\u0301p \u01b0\u0301ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c nhu c\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a ho\u0323”.<\/p>\n

V\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 chi\u0300a khoa\u0301 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ba\u0309o \u0111a\u0309m nguye\u0302n l\u00ed<\/span> bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1eb9\u0302 trong qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng la\u0300 ba\u0309o \u0111a\u0309m na\u0306ng su\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 ca\u0301c \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u1eb9\u0302n ta\u0301i sinh cu\u0309a ngu\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n co\u0301 kha\u0309 na\u0306ng ta\u0301i ta\u0323o na\u0300y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ecd\u0302t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng nguye\u0302n t\u0103\u0301c c\u00e2\u0300n tua\u0302n thu\u0309 la\u0300 t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1eb9\u0302 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng la\u0302m sa\u0309n kho\u0302ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c vu\u031b\u01a1\u0323t qua\u0301 kha\u0309 na\u0306ng ta\u0301i sinh cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

– Nguye\u0302n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u01b0\u0301 hai la\u0300: <\/b>Trong qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng, s\u01b0\u0323 pho\u0300ng ng\u01b0\u0300a, no\u0301 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0309u la\u0300: \u01a1\u0309 \u0111a\u0302u co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng nguy co\u031b suy thoa\u0301i ngu\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng va\u0300 chu\u031ba co\u0301 \u0111u\u0309 co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 khoa ho\u0323c thi\u0300 chu\u031ba ne\u0302n s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p pho\u0300ng ng\u01b0\u0300a suy thoa\u0301i v\u00ea\u0300 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

– Nguye\u0302n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u01b0\u0301 ba la\u0300:<\/b> S\u01b0\u0323 bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng va\u0300 co\u0302ng b\u0103\u0300ng trong s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng \u01a1\u0309 cu\u0300ng th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1ec7: \u0110a\u0302y la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 kho\u0301, b\u01a1\u0309i vi\u0300 trong khi c\u00f4\u0301 ta\u0323o ra s\u01b0\u0323 co\u0302ng b\u0103\u0300ng cho ca\u0301c th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1eb9\u0302 tu\u031bo\u031bng lai thi\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta v\u00e2\u0303n chu\u031ba ta\u0323o \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c nh\u01b0\u0303ng co\u031b h\u1ecd\u0302i bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng cho nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i s\u00f4\u0301ng \u01a1\u0309 th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1eb9\u0302 hi\u1eb9\u0302n ta\u0323i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Rawls, 19712 cho r\u0103\u0300ng, s\u01b0\u0323 bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng trong cu\u0300ng th\u00ea\u0301 h\u1eb9\u0302 ha\u0300m ch\u01b0\u0301a hai khi\u0301a ca\u0323nh:<\/p>\n

+ T\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 mo\u0323i ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0300n bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng v\u00ea\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 t\u01b0\u0323 do thi\u0301ch h\u01a1\u0323p trong vi\u1eb9\u0302c \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c cung c\u00e2\u0301p ca\u0301c ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n t\u01b0\u0300 r\u01b0\u0300ng;<\/p>\n

+ S\u01b0\u0323 b\u00e2\u0301t bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng trong xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i va\u0300 kinh t\u00ea\u0301 chi\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i n\u00ea\u0301u: (a) s\u01b0\u0323 b\u00e2\u0301t bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng na\u0300y la\u0300 co\u0301 l\u01a1\u0323i cho nho\u0301m ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i nghe\u0300o trong xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i va\u0300 (b) t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 mo\u0323i ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 co\u031b h\u1ecd\u0302i ti\u00ea\u0301p c\u1ea1\u0302n ngu\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng nhu\u031b nhau.<\/p>\n

– Nguye\u0302n l\u00ed<\/span> th\u01b0\u0301 tu\u031b la\u0300 <\/b>ti\u0301nh hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309. Ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n r\u01b0\u0300ng pha\u0309i \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng h\u01a1\u0323p l\u00ed<\/span> va\u0300 hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 nh\u00e2\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 m\u1ea1\u0306t kinh t\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 sinh tha\u0301i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: C\u1ea9m nang ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00e0ng L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p & \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, 2006)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Sustainable forest management – SFM) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng l\u00e2m ph\u1eadn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24053"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24053\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}