{"id":24198,"date":"2023-12-06T11:59:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T11:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nha-tao-lap-gia-price-maker-la-gi-cac-loai-nha-tao-lap-gia.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:45:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:45:00","slug":"nha-tao-lap-gia-price-maker-la-gi-cac-loai-nha-tao-lap-gia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/nha-tao-lap-gia-price-maker-la-gi-cac-loai-nha-tao-lap-gia.html","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 (Price Maker) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Ignitiongroup.com<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Price Maker.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 <\/b>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n\/ n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. \u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u00a0doanh thu bi\u00ean\u00a0l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u00a0chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0cung\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea7u. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u00a0c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1.\u00a0<\/b> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu mua ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef gi\u00e1 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00e0o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u00a0– Trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (multiplant monopoly)<\/i>, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, <\/i>c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua duy nh\u1ea5t hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean. \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Trong \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/i>, thay v\u00ec b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m,\u00a0c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n\u00a0b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Trong \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed<\/i>, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0+ M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0+ M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2: gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh phi tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng mua.<\/p>\n

\u00a0+ M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 3: ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh\u00a0lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do\u00a0trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u1ede M\u1ef9, hai c\u01a1 quan thi h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Li\u00ean bang M\u1ef9 (FTC) v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p M\u1ef9 (DOJ).\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n\u00a0s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp\u00a0hai hay nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh\u00a0c\u1ea1nh tranh\u00a0tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Herfindahl-Hirschman, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. \u00a0 <\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Price Maker) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24198"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24198"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24198\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}