{"id":24263,"date":"2023-12-06T12:04:03","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-loi-ich-kinh-te-nho-giot-trickle-down-theory-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:37:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:37:38","slug":"li-thuyet-loi-ich-kinh-te-nho-giot-trickle-down-theory-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-loi-ich-kinh-te-nho-giot-trickle-down-theory-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt (Trickle-Down Theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Trickle-Down Theory<\/b> ho\u1eb7c Trickle-Down Economics.<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/i> tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xoay quanh hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/font><\/h3>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/i> mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt” n\u1ebfu: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kinh doanh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 mua nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu\u00ea th\u00eam nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n do c\u00f3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n (do h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf \u00edt h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc), t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt do m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n (v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n), h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ebf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c doanh thu thu\u1ebf t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt<\/font><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch theo ki\u1ec3u “l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt” th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra bao g\u1ed3m: ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p, ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch gia t\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u01a1n cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ti\u00eau ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mua \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ec7m th\u00eam thay v\u00ec chi ti\u00eau, v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i. Trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(Tham kh\u1ea3o: Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Trickle-Down Theory) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24263"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24263"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24263\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}