{"id":24273,"date":"2023-12-06T12:04:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/vong-doi-diem-du-lich-tourism-area-life-cycle-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:37:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:37:38","slug":"vong-doi-diem-du-lich-tourism-area-life-cycle-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/vong-doi-diem-du-lich-tourism-area-life-cycle-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch (Tourism Area Life Cycle) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: Amy Payne)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch <\/b>hay chu tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch\u00a0<\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Tourism Area Life Cycle.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch<\/b> l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ed3m 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2, tham gia, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i. Theo Richard Butler (1980).<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u0103m d\u00f2<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan, du l\u1ecbch do ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u00ec th\u00fa, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 lo vi\u1ec7c \u0103n ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 mang th\u1ee9c \u0103n theo, nh\u1edd hay thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed7 \u0103n, \u1edf. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tham gia<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 nhanh nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0103n ngh\u1ec9 cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1ch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh th\u1eddi v\u1ee5.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng g\u1ea7n xa. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a du l\u1ecbch, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean du l\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p du l\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu \u00fd cho \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan thu\u1ed9c trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, song v\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sang du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o du l\u1ecbch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e2u t\u00f3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p du l\u1ecbch l\u1edbn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i tr\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o tay c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1t c\u1ee9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh s\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng du l\u1ecbch gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7<\/b><\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7. S\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c resort \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t, song kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

6. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Butler<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c suy tho\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Butler cho r\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u0103m k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

A: C\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n;<\/p>\n

B: Du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5;<\/p>\n

C: Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng;<\/p>\n

D: K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tr\u1ebb h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch “tr\u1ebb l\u1ea1i”.<\/p>\n

E: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra khi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c tai h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho du l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecba l\u00ed Du l\u1ecbch, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Thanh, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Mai Hoa, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Tourism Area Life Cycle) l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ed3m 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24273"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24273"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24273\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}