{"id":24372,"date":"2023-12-06T12:09:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-can-bang-tong-the-general-equilibrium-theory-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:40:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:40:33","slug":"li-thuyet-can-bang-tong-the-general-equilibrium-theory-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/li-thuyet-can-bang-tong-the-general-equilibrium-theory-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (General Equilibrium Theory) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (General Equilibrium Theory)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 General Equilibrium Theory<\/b>. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/i> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chung<\/i>.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/span>, hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Walrasian, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

– L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Leon Walras v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi L\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/i>, hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Marshall<\/i>, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

– Walras \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/i> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

– L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 Walras \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1889, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/font><\/h3>\n

Theo Leon Walras, trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

+ Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

+ Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 vay t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n cho vay l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

+ Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng hay ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

– Ba th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau, song nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau. Doanh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n. Mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, doanh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i vay v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y doanh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a doanh nh\u00e2n mang b\u00e1n n\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y doanh nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c cung. \u0110\u1ec3 vay t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, doanh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n doanh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec anh ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00e3i, doanh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, anh ta ph\u1ea3i vay th\u00eam t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, thu\u00ea th\u00eam c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi c\u00f3 th\u00eam h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, doanh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

– Khi thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng th\u00eam gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng ngang v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra ch\u00fang, th\u00ec doanh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea th\u00eam c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vay th\u00eam t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ba th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Investopedia; SlideShare)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: General Equilibrium Theory) c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4, thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24372\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}