{"id":24443,"date":"2023-12-06T12:14:40","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ngoai-ung-tich-cuc-positive-externalities-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:47:43","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:47:43","slug":"ngoai-ung-tich-cuc-positive-externalities-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ngoai-ung-tich-cuc-positive-externalities-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (Positive Externalities) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Intelligente Conomist<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (Positive Externalities)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Positive Externalities<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/i> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n), v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u1ea3y ra khi vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u khi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng lan t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y lan sang h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh 2-8: Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u00ecnh 2-8 minh h\u1ecda v\u00ec sao n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i U, v\u1edbi Q1 <\/sub>tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00ec t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean (MPB) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed bi\u00ean (MC).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng bi\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng (MEB), v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch bi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (MSB) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 MPB + MEB.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Q0<\/sub> \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m V khi MSB = MC, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Q1<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng tam gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m UVZ.\u00a0<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Economics help;\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Positive Externalities) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n), v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24443"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24443"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24443\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}