{"id":24543,"date":"2023-12-06T12:21:07","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/he-thong-nong-nghiep-agricultural-systems-la-gi-noi-dung.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:47:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:47:47","slug":"he-thong-nong-nghiep-agricultural-systems-la-gi-noi-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/he-thong-nong-nghiep-agricultural-systems-la-gi-noi-dung.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Agricultural Systems) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ed9i dung"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: alltech)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p\u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Agricultural Systems.<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p<\/b> la\u0300 t\u1ea1\u0302p h\u01a1\u0323p trong kho\u0302ng gian cu\u0309a ca\u0301c n\u00ea\u0300n sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 ca\u0301c k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1ea1\u0302t do m\u1ed9t xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i ti\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300nh \u0111\u00ea\u0309 tho\u0309a ma\u0303n ca\u0301c nhu c\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh.\u00a0(Vissce va\u0300 Hentgen, 1979).<\/i><\/p>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p<\/b> la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i m\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ra no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p va\u0300 ch\u01b0\u0301a \u0111\u01b0\u0323ng t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 ca\u0301c tha\u0300nh ph\u00e2\u0300n chi\u0301nh. (Spedding 1975).<\/i><\/p>\n

Co\u0301 m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m tu\u031bo\u031bng t\u01b0\u0323 v\u01a1\u0301i kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p nhu\u031b:<\/b><\/p>\n

– Kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng “Kinh doanh no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p<\/b>” (Farming system) thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u01a1\u0309 ca\u0301c nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c chi\u0323u a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a My\u0303.<\/p>\n

“H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh doanh no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t ph\u01b0\u0301c h\u01a1\u0323p cu\u0309a \u0111\u00e2\u0301t \u0111ai, ngu\u00f4\u0300n nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c ca\u0302y tr\u00f4\u0300ng, v\u1ea1\u0302t nuo\u0302i, lao \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng va\u0300 ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01a1\u0323i va\u0300 \u0111\u1ea1\u0306c tru\u031bng kha\u0301c trong m\u1ecd\u0302t ngoa\u0323i ca\u0309nh ma\u0300 gia \u0111i\u0300nh no\u0302ng da\u0302n qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> tu\u0300y theo s\u01a1\u0309 thi\u0301ch, kha\u0309 na\u0306ng va\u0300 k\u0129<\/span> thu\u1ea1\u0302t co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301” (Shaner va\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i kha\u0301c, 1982).<\/i><\/p>\n

– Kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m “H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> no\u0302ng tra\u0323i<\/b>” (Systemavedenya, khozaisva) bao g\u00f4\u0300m t\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309 h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng canh ta\u0301c, h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng co\u031b s\u01a1\u0309 v\u1ea1\u0302t ch\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p qua\u0309n l\u00ed<\/span> m\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111o\u031bn vi\u0323 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p, kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u01a1\u0309 Lie\u0302n Xo\u0302.<\/p>\n

Hai kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m na\u0300y nh\u00e2\u0301n ma\u0323nh ho\u031bn vai tro\u0300 cu\u0309a hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i trong h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p ch\u01b0\u0301 kho\u0302ng nghie\u0302n c\u01b0\u0301u s\u01b0\u0323 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p, co\u0301 ca\u0301c h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng sinh ho\u0323c (ca\u0302y tr\u00f4\u0300ng, v\u1ea1\u0302t nuo\u0302i) hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng theo ca\u0301c qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t sinh ho\u0323c (trao \u0111\u00f4\u0309i na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng va\u0300 v\u1ea1\u0302t ch\u00e2\u0301t) va\u0300 ca\u0301c h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 (hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kinh doanh) hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng theo ca\u0301c qui lu\u1ea1\u0302t kinh t\u00ea\u0301 nhu\u031b ca\u0301c xi\u0301 nghi\u1eb9\u0302p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hai ki\u00ea\u0309u h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng na\u0300y \u0111an che\u0301o l\u00e2\u0303n nhau vi\u0300 trong m\u00f4\u0303i m\u1ecd\u0302t hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300u bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301 hai m\u1ea1\u0306t cu\u0309a lu\u1ea1\u0302t v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung<\/font><\/h3>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p v\u00ea\u0300 th\u01b0\u0323c ch\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 h\u01a1\u0323p nh\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a hai h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng t\u01b0\u0300 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0301n nay v\u00e2\u0303n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c nghie\u0302n c\u01b0\u0301u m\u1ecd\u0302t ca\u0301ch rie\u0302ng re\u0303.<\/p>\n

1. H\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p,<\/b> la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t b\u1ecd\u0302 ph\u1ea1\u0302n cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n, bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301c v\u1ea1\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301ng (ca\u0302y tr\u00f4\u0300ng, v\u1ea1\u0302t nuo\u0302i) trao \u0111\u00f4\u0309i na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng va\u0300 v\u1ea1\u0302t ch\u00e2\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i ngoa\u0323i ca\u0309nh t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n ta\u0323o ne\u0302n na\u0306ng su\u00e2\u0301t so\u031b c\u00e2\u0301p (tr\u00f4\u0300ng tro\u0323t) va\u0300 th\u01b0\u0301 c\u00e2\u0301p (cha\u0306n nuo\u0302i) cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p kha\u0301c nhau co\u031b ba\u0309n v\u01a1\u0301i h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n \u01a1\u0309 ch\u00f4\u0303 chi\u0323u ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u ho\u031bn cu\u0309a hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i.<\/p>\n

2. H\u1eb9\u0302 kinh t\u00ea\u0301 – xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i,<\/b> chu\u0309 y\u00ea\u0301u bao g\u00f4\u0300m s\u01b0\u0323 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i trong hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t ra toa\u0300n b\u1ecd\u0302 ca\u0301c cu\u0309a ca\u0309i v\u1ea1\u0302t ch\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a toa\u0300n b\u1ecd\u0302 xa\u0300 h\u1ecd\u0302i, h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t b\u1ecd\u0302 ph\u1ea1\u0302n cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 qu\u00f4\u0301c da\u0302n no\u0301i chung va\u0300 h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i no\u0302ng tho\u0302n la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t b\u1ecd\u0302 ph\u1ea1\u0302n cu\u0309a xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i loa\u0300i ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i no\u0301i chung.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i no\u0302ng tho\u0302n co\u0301 ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p va\u0300 phi no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p do \u0111\u00e2\u0301y trong h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p g\u00e2\u0300n \u0111a\u0302y quan ni\u1eb9\u0302m r\u0103\u0300ng pha\u0309i bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0309 ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng phi no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p \u01a1\u0309 no\u0302ng tho\u0302n (co\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p, xa\u0302y d\u01b0\u0323ng, giao tho\u0302ng, buo\u0302n ba\u0301n, di\u0323ch vu\u0323…).<\/p>\n

Gi\u01b0\u0303a h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p no\u0302ng tho\u0302n va\u0300 h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng co\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p – tha\u0300nh thi\u0323 co\u0301 m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u01b0\u0323 trao \u0111\u00f4\u0309i na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng va\u0300 v\u1ea1\u0302t ch\u00e2\u0301t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u01b0\u0323 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p – no\u0302ng tho\u0302n chi\u0323u a\u0309nh hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a ca\u0301c chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch cu\u0309a Nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p, no\u0302ng tho\u0302n va\u0300 kinh t\u00ea\u0301 no\u0301i chung.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Co\u0301 y\u0301 nghi\u0303a \u0111\u1ea1\u0306c bi\u1eb9\u0302t quan tro\u0323ng trong h\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i no\u0302ng tho\u0302n la\u0300 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a ca\u0301c nho\u0301m xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i cu\u0300ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng m\u00f4\u0301i quan h\u1eb9\u0302 qua la\u0323i cu\u0309a chu\u0301ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb9\u0302 th\u00f4\u0301ng no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p co\u0300n bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301c h\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 sau:<\/b><\/p>\n

1. H\u00ea\u0300 phu\u0323 tr\u1ed3ng tro\u0323t<\/p>\n

2. H\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 cha\u0306n nuo\u0302i<\/p>\n

3. H\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 ch\u00ea\u0301 bi\u00ea\u0301n va\u0300 ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh ngh\u00ea\u0300 phi no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p. Cu\u0303ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 k\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n m\u1ecd\u0302t h\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 kha\u0301c la\u0300:<\/p>\n

4. H\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 vu\u031b\u01a1\u0300n gia \u0111i\u0300nh (VAC)<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1ea1\u0302y h\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 vu\u031b\u01a1\u0300n gia \u0111i\u0300nh trong th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0309 m\u1ecd\u0302t ph\u00e2\u0300n ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a ba h\u1eb9\u0302 phu\u0323 \u0111a\u0323o, do \u0111\u00e2\u0301y vi\u1eb9\u0302c ta\u0301ch rie\u0302ng na\u0300y trong co\u031b c\u00e2\u0301u hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng no\u0302ng tho\u0302n hi\u1eb9\u0302n nay cu\u0303ng kho\u0302ng pha\u0309i la\u0300 c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, Xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i ho\u0323c, s\u00f4\u0301\u00a01 – 1989, Gia\u0301o su\u031b\u00a0\u2013 Vi\u1eb9\u0302n si\u0303 \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ebf Tu\u1ea5n)<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Agricultural Systems) l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt do m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24543"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24543\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}