{"id":24547,"date":"2023-12-06T12:21:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-gia-nhien-lieu-hoa-thach-fossil-fuel-subsidies-la-gi-muc-tieu-va-han-che.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:50:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:50:07","slug":"tro-gia-nhien-lieu-hoa-thach-fossil-fuel-subsidies-la-gi-muc-tieu-va-han-che","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-gia-nhien-lieu-hoa-thach-fossil-fuel-subsidies-la-gi-muc-tieu-va-han-che.html","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (Fossil fuel subsidies) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: ips)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Fossil fuel\u00a0subsidies.<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch<\/b> \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c \u0111i\u0323nh nghi\u0303a la\u0300 b\u00e2\u0301t k\u00ec can thi\u1eb9\u0302p na\u0300o cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 la\u0300m gia\u0309m gia\u0301 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> xu\u00f4\u0301ng du\u031b\u01a1\u0301i m\u01b0\u0301c th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 khi kho\u0302ng co\u0301 can thi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111o\u0301.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n trong kha\u0302u sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 kha\u0302u tie\u0302u thu\u0323.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 tie\u0302u thu\u0323 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301c khoa\u0309n tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p cho ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m xa\u0306ng, d\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300 \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302n; ca\u0301c bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t gia\u0301 va\u0300 mi\u00ea\u0303n gia\u0309m thu\u00ea\u0301; ca\u0301c qu\u0129<\/span> bi\u0300nh \u00f4\u0309n gia\u0301; cu\u0303ng nhu\u031b u\u031bu \u0111a\u0303i cu\u0309a Nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 k\u00ea\u0301t c\u00e2\u0301u ha\u0323 t\u00e2\u0300ng cung c\u00e2\u0301p na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 bao g\u00f4\u0300m mi\u00ea\u0303n gia\u0309m thu\u00ea\u0301 cho vi\u1eb9\u0302c tha\u0306m do\u0300; h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng nghie\u0302n c\u01b0\u0301u va\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n trong khai tha\u0301c nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch; ti\u00ea\u0301p c\u1ea1\u0302n u\u031bu \u0111a\u0303i ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0300i chi\u0301nh va\u0300 ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c kha\u0301c; ca\u0301c bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t gia\u0301; hay ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301 tra\u0301ch nhi\u1eb9\u0302m pha\u0301p l\u00ed<\/span> \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c loa\u0323i hi\u0300nh ru\u0309i ro nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/font><\/h3>\n

Theo Co\u031b quan Na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng Qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301 (IEA) va\u0300 Chu\u031bo\u031bng tri\u0300nh Pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n Lie\u0302n H\u01a1\u0323p Qu\u00f4\u0301c (UNDP), ha\u0300ng na\u0306m Vi\u1eb9\u0302t Nam tr\u01a1\u0323 c\u00e2\u0301p cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> t\u01b0\u0300 1,2 ti\u0309 \u0111o\u0302 la My\u0303 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 4,49 ti\u0309 \u0111o\u0302 la My\u0303 trong giai \u0111oa\u0323n 2007-2012. Con s\u00f4\u0301 na\u0300y tu\u031bo\u031bng \u0111u\u031bo\u031bng v\u01a1\u0301i h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 ho\u031bn 800.000 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng\/ngu\u01a1\u0300i trong na\u0306m 2012.<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c khoa\u0309n tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u01a1\u0309 Vi\u1eb9\u0302t Nam la\u0300 tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 gia\u0301n ti\u00ea\u0301p, h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 va\u0300 u\u031bu tie\u0302n cho ca\u0301c nha\u0300 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 pha\u0302n ph\u00f4\u0301i na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng, chu\u0309 y\u00ea\u0301u la\u0300 doanh nghi\u1eb9\u0302p nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 bao g\u00f4\u0300m: ca\u0301c bi\u1eb9\u0302n pha\u0301p ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 gia\u0301, tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nguye\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u \u0111\u00e2\u0300u va\u0300o, ca\u0301c u\u031bu \u0111a\u0303i v\u00ea\u0300 thu\u00ea\u0301, vay v\u00f4\u0301n \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tu\u031b, k\u00ea\u0301t c\u00e2\u0301u ha\u0323 t\u00e2\u0300ng, hay vi\u1eb9\u0302c th\u01b0\u0323c thi qui \u0111i\u0323nh ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i y\u00ea\u0301u ke\u0301m…\u00a0<\/p>\n

Be\u0302n ca\u0323nh \u0111o\u0301 la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t ph\u00e2\u0300n nho\u0309 tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p ti\u00ea\u0300n \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302n cho h\u1ecd\u0302 nghe\u0300o va\u0300 h\u1ecd\u0302 chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/font><\/h3>\n

Mu\u0323c tie\u0302u co\u031b ba\u0309n cu\u0309a tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng la\u0300:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– \u0110a\u0309m ba\u0309o ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i nghe\u0300o, ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i co\u0301 thu nh\u1ea1\u0302p du\u031b\u01a1\u0301i chu\u00e2\u0309n \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p c\u1ea1\u0302n v\u01a1\u0301i na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng va\u0300 nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u;\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng kho\u0309i ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng t\u01b0\u0300 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng gia\u0301 ca\u0309 th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i;\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 qua vi\u1eb9\u0302c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh co\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tuy nhie\u0302n tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch \u0111ang ta\u0323o ra nhi\u00ea\u0300u\u00a0ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kho\u0302ng mong mu\u00f4\u0301n\u00a0\u0111i ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0323c la\u0323i ca\u0301c mu\u0323c tie\u0302u tre\u0302n:<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 co\u0301 h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i nghe\u0300o?<\/b><\/p>\n

Tre\u0302n th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301, tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng co\u0301 l\u01a1\u0323i ho\u031bn cho ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i gia\u0300u va\u0300 nho\u0301m ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i co\u0301 thu nh\u1ea1\u0302p cao.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Li\u0301 do la\u0300 vi\u0300 ph\u00e2\u0300n l\u01a1\u0301n mo\u0323i ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i, kho\u0302ng pha\u0302n bi\u1eb9\u0302t thu nh\u1ea1\u0302p va\u0300 ti\u0300nh hi\u0300nh kinh t\u00ea\u0301, nh\u1ea1\u0302n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ti\u00ea\u0300n tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 nhu\u031b nhau cho m\u00f4\u0303i \u0111o\u031bn vi\u0323 na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ho\u0323 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng, ma\u0300 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i gia\u0300u thi\u0300 thu\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng co\u0301 nhu c\u00e2\u0300u s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111i\u1eb9\u0302n va\u0300 xa\u0306ng d\u00e2\u0300u cao ho\u031bn ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i nghe\u0300o.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 co\u0301 ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng v\u00ea\u0300 m\u1ea1\u0306t kinh t\u00ea\u0301, xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i va\u0300 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng?<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> ta\u0323o ne\u0302n “bi\u0300nh \u00f4\u0309n a\u0309o”: Qu\u0129 bi\u0300nh \u00f4\u0309n gia\u0301 xa\u0306ng d\u00e2\u0300u \u01a1\u0309 Vi\u1eb9\u0302t Nam la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t hi\u0300nh th\u01b0\u0301c “tra\u0309 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c” cho ph\u00e2\u0300n ta\u0306ng gia\u0301 xa\u0306ng trong tu\u031bo\u031bng lai, \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u na\u0300y kho\u0302ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng kho\u0302ng \u0111em la\u0323i l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch gi\u0300 cho ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng ma\u0300 co\u0300n go\u0301p ph\u00e2\u0300n gia ta\u0306ng la\u0323m pha\u0301t.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 co\u0301 thu\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301 qua vi\u1eb9\u0302c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301c nga\u0300nh co\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng?<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> \u0111a\u0303 ta\u0323o ra m\u1ecd\u0302t gia\u0301 na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng “a\u0309o”, th\u00e2\u0301p ho\u031bn so v\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0301 tha\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u00ea\u0300u na\u0300y vo\u0302 ti\u0300nh khuy\u00ea\u0301n khi\u0301ch vi\u1eb9\u0302c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng kho\u0302ng hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309, la\u0300m gia ta\u0306ng nhu c\u00e2\u0300u na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng (bao g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0309 vi\u1eb9\u0302c nh\u1ea1\u0302p kh\u00e2\u0309u nhie\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch) va\u0300 \u0111e do\u0323a an ninh na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng qu\u00f4\u0301c gia.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch d\u00e2\u0303n t\u01a1\u0301i ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng ca\u0323nh tranh kho\u0302ng la\u0300nh ma\u0323nh gi\u01b0\u0303a khai tha\u0301c va\u0300 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng co\u0301 ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch so v\u01a1\u0301i na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ta\u0301i ta\u0323o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> ta\u0323o ne\u0302n ga\u0301nh n\u1ea1\u0306ng cho nga\u0302n sa\u0301ch nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c, ngu\u00f4\u0300n thu nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c th\u00e2\u0301p \u0111i (gia\u0301 th\u00e2\u0301p, kho\u0302ng co\u0301 l\u01a1\u0323i nhu\u1ea1\u0302n) va\u0300 m\u01b0\u0301c n\u01a1\u0323 gia ta\u0306ng, nguy co\u031b tham nhu\u0303ng va\u0300 la\u0323m du\u0323ng qu\u0129 tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301.<\/p>\n

Nhu\u031b v\u1ea1\u0302y, tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 co\u0301 ve\u0309 \u0111em la\u0323i l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c m\u0103\u0301t cho ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng, nhu\u031bng v\u00ea\u0300 la\u0302u da\u0300i thi\u0300 tr\u01a1\u0323 gia\u0301 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch<\/span> to\u0309 ra\u00a0kho\u0302ng b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng ca\u0309 v\u00ea\u0300 m\u1ea1\u0306t kinh t\u00ea\u0301, xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i va\u0300 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch, T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2014)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Fossil fuel subsidies) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24547"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24547"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24547\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}