{"id":24618,"date":"2023-12-06T12:25:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T12:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hieu-ung-hawthorne-hawthorne-effect-la-gi-vi-du-ve-hieu-ung-hawthorne.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T09:56:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T02:56:47","slug":"hieu-ung-hawthorne-hawthorne-effect-la-gi-vi-du-ve-hieu-ung-hawthorne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hieu-ung-hawthorne-hawthorne-effect-la-gi-vi-du-ve-hieu-ung-hawthorne.html","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne (Hawthorne Effect) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/i><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne <\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Hawthorne Effect.<\/b><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00ed<\/span> trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne <\/i>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tom v\u00e0 Jenny c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc; h\u1ecd l\u00e0m trong hai c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Tom, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u1edf g\u1ea7n khi Tom c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y t\u00e1n g\u1eabu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tin \u0111\u1ed3n. Tom kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tom gi\u1ea3m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Jenny th\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Jenny l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhau. V\u00ec Jenny c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f4 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. Jenny c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hawthorne\u00a0<\/font><\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hawthorne \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nhu c\u1ea7u quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hawthorne \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Western Electric. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng gi\u1ea3m, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u1eefa th\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi Elton Mayo v\u00e0 FritzJ.Roethlisberger, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec, \u0103n tr\u01b0a mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. Mayo v\u00e0 Roethlisberger k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 5 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 5 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Mayo v\u00e0 Roethlisberger v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p (do h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd) tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Hawthorne \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed<\/span> h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

(Theo study.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Hawthorne (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Hawthorne Effect) khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24618"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24618"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24618\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}