{"id":25123,"date":"2023-12-07T00:13:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T00:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thieu-quyen-oligopoly-la-gi-phan-tich-thi-truong-thieu-quyen.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:03:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:03:08","slug":"thieu-quyen-oligopoly-la-gi-phan-tich-thi-truong-thieu-quyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thieu-quyen-oligopoly-la-gi-phan-tich-thi-truong-thieu-quyen.html","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n (Oligopoly) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n (Oligopoly)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n<\/strong>\u00a0trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0oligopoly, oligopolist.<\/em><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n<\/i> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n

a.\u00a0M\u1ed9t \u00edt hay v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ee9c cung c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong tay m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

b.\u00a0S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau theo m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

c.\u00a0Kh\u00f3 gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o gia nh\u1eadp cao, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty m\u1edbi kh\u00f3 gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n<\/font><\/h3>\n

– \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t \u00edt” hay “v\u00e0i” h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 hay \u0111\u01b0a ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hay bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec l\u00ed<\/span> do n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n \u00edt c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 (chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u1ea7m,\u00a0c\u00e1c-ten).<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau (qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, tung s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi) nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ec9 su\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 do v\u1eady n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng doanh thu t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi kh\u00f3 gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3<\/font><\/h3>\n

– C\u00e1c l\u00ed<\/span> thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (t\u0129nh) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u; c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m \u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed cung \u1ee9ng; v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed cung t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn qu\u00e1 cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng\u00a0h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o gia nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

– Song c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf qui m\u00f4 t\u1ea1o ra trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh tranh thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b><\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb “Oligopoly” ra Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m<\/em>\u00a0hay\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n<\/em>. C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n<\/em>\u00a0b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai, v\u00ec trong ti\u1ebfng Anh “oligopoly” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c-ten), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n<\/i>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n (m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n) \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

– Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u00a0nh\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n Cournot. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00f3m qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng (d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft) c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Thi\u1ec3u quy\u1ec1n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Oligopoly) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi: m\u1ed9t \u00edt hay v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gia nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25123"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25123"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25123\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}