{"id":2517,"date":"2023-11-29T07:58:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T07:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/?p=2517"},"modified":"2023-11-30T02:57:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T02:57:32","slug":"kaizen-chia-khoa-thanh-cong-cua-nguoi-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kaizen-chia-khoa-thanh-cong-cua-nguoi-nhat.html","title":{"rendered":"Kaizen: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Kaizen l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\nKaizen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p b\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u6539 (“kai”) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u5584 (“zen”) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201congoing improvement\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ccontinuous improvement\u201d v\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfng Trung, Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 Gansai, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00ec t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cKaizen: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt\u201d, Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cKaizen c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Kaizen c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Kaizen<\/a><\/span> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m v\u00e0 Toyota l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai Kaizen. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, Kaizen ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Toyota, Canon, Honda\u2026 Sau \u0111\u00f3, Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, kinh doanh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1993 c\u1ee7a \u201cThe New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary\u201d, t\u1eeb \u201cKaizen\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: Kaizen l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, \u2026v.v. nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kinh doanh\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay, Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kinh doanh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong Kaizen l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf, mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Kaizen mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Kaizen l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e3i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea1i s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn sau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu Kaizen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen <\/a><\/span>c\u0169ng \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1edfi n\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Kaizen v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1997, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cGemba Kaizen \u2013 M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Masaaki Imai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Gemba \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u1edf m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec Gemba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y; trong kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n th\u00ec Gemba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00ec Gemba l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, Gemba Kaizen \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng hy v\u1ecdng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn lao. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ebfu ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn b\u1edfi s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 20.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi Kaizen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Kaizen l\u00e0: (1) lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; (2) t\u1eadp trung n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed (th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed\u2026); (3) thu h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia c\u00f9ng cam k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; (4) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 (5) c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kaizen l\u00e0: (1) nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn; (2) c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; (3) t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn; (4) l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0 (5) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Kaizen l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (ph\u00f2ng, ban) c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, nh\u00f3m kaizen v\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Kaizen c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh 2 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: Kaizen \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (system or flow kaizen) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 Kaizen \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh (nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng ban, ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/p>\n

Hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kaizen<\/p>\n

Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (mang t\u00ednh duy tr\u00ec) . Thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 Kaizen. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y\u201d h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn; \u201cbreakthrough\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1\u201d h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Kaizen ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Kaizen Event<\/p>\n

Kaizen l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kaizen v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u2026 Trong c\u00f4ng ty, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kaizen Event. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, g\u1ed3m 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Kaizen Event th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 5 -7 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: (1) c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00e1c; (2) c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 (3) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai Kaizen<\/p>\n

Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) c\u1ee7a William Edwards Deming \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950. T\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc 4 l\u00e0 Plan (l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch), b\u01b0\u1edbc 5 l\u00e0 Do (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n), b\u01b0\u1edbc 6 l\u00e0 Check (ki\u1ec3m tra) v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc 7, 8 l\u00e0 Act (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hay c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn). D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng qua 8 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u2026). Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Gemba) v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gemba. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n<\/p>\n

– B\u01b0\u1edbc 8: Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Deming th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00ad s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hay l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t… V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Deming \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. B\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u (P) c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i… v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u00ad th\u1ebf sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Deming ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen<\/p>\n

Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kinh doanh, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Kaizen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ty, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Kaizen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 t\u1eeb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng hay m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Toyota v\u00e0 Canon, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 70 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn. Kaizen d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc: lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong khi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kaizen d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cN\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng s\u1eeda n\u00f3\u201d. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kaizen l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m\u201d. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kaizen, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang Kaizen \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Khi hi\u1ec3u tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kaizen, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kaizen h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kaizen tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1950, Toyota \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1960, h\u1ecd g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1edbi b\u00e1n \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u1eedi tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i 60 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u coi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Toyota ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe Lexus h\u1ea1ng sang v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? B\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian qua. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Toyota \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ed1i mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Toyota thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho ai \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n Kaizen th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kaizen c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m v\u00e0 b\u1edfi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kaizen kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ra l\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u Kaizen v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kaizen t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Toyota th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Gemba Kaizen. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh tham gia Gemba Kaizen \u2013 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd than phi\u1ec1n Kaizen ch\u1eb3ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2008, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u Toyota \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 General Motors (GM) 300.000 xe. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 77 n\u0103m \u1edf ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4t\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, Toyota \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, giao h\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (Kaizen Teian), Kaizen Event v\u00e0 Process Kaizen. T\u1ea1i Toyota, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00e0o khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5n n\u00fat d\u1eebng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00ec khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i, c\u00f4ng ty l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi cho to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Toyota \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh (Hansei) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (Kaizen). T\u1ea1i Toyota, 99% \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua Kaizen Teian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u00f4t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u00f3m, t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a anh (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecb) ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen<\/a><\/span> l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00f3m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kaizen.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1949, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ESS (Employee Suggestion System) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kaizen Teian hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi Implemented Kaizen Reporting System (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn). H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Implemented v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t Reporting (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o) v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ra gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Kaizen Teian \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5: \u201cn\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u201d. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng tham gia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00fa v\u1ecb, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Kaizen.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kaizen<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Khi h\u1ecd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 (nh\u01b0 Bridgestone ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n Firestone, Sony ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n h\u00e3ng phim Columbia Pictures) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty con v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Kaizen c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd C\u1ea2I TI\u1ebeN LI\u00caN T\u1ee4C c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Toyota l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kaizen trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh. Toyota c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2007 h\u00e3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u1edf Mississipi, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, 75% c\u00e1c xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 25% xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady m\u00e0, Toyota v\u1eabn ki\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 14 t\u1ec9 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006 trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed?<\/p>\n

B\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Toyota \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kaizen \u2013 gi\u1ea3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ed3n kho, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kaizen, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng gi\u1ecf nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng theo m\u1eabu xe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, Toyota c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n 3.000 USD cho chi ph\u00ed mua s\u1eafm xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kaizen gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ed3n kho. Do v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf cho m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thao t\u00e1c th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00fap t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Kaizen thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cao. B\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Kaizen l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng ty. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Kaizen t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng ty. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd n\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.B\u1edfi v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u, tin v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kaizen <\/a><\/span>v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd C\u1ea2I TI\u1ebeN LI\u00caN T\u1ee4C trong suy ngh\u0129, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong c\u00f4ng ty. T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed AutoWeek nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Toyota. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111em t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, hay ch\u00ed \u00edt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Toyota, Kaizen \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ty: v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ee9ng x\u1eed gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau; s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m; s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty; s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c; tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kaizen c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua hai tri\u1ebft l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Toyota l\u00e0 \u201cDeveloping People First\u201d and \u201cRespect for People\u201d. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p John Robinson cho bi\u1ebft: \u201c\u1ede Toyota, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 g\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u201cqu\u00e8n\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho d\u1eebng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sai s\u00f3t\u201d.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Kaizen, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ty theo chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Kaizen: (1) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u00f4i qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng ty; (2) Kaizen \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; (3) \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng; (4) Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn; (5) Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00e9o; (6) Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 (7) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Kaizen c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

a. 5S – \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1eeb sau:<\/p>\n

Seiri (\u6574\u7406 S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ecdc ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang. N\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 1 ng\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u00bd ng\u00e0y\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sao cho kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cnh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Seiton (\u6574\u9813 S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sao cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t\u201d (s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng), \u201c\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n\u201d (kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng sai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) v\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ec5 l\u00e0m theo\u201d \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p file t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ai \u0111ang d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111ang d\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00ednh t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u00f9ng l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ai \u0111ang d\u00f9ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Seiso (\u6e05\u6383 S\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ecdn, v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00e1c, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9m b\u00e1m tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1y m\u00f3c xem c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00ednh nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Seiketsu (\u6e05\u6f54 S\u0103n s\u00f3c), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Seiri, Seiton v\u00e0 Seiso. Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt \u201cSeiketsu\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ec7 sinh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong 5S th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u201cSeiketsu\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Seiri, Seition v\u00e0 Seiso \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p. \u201cSeiketsu\u201d hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Seiri, Seiton v\u00e0 Seiso \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 sinh trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 sinh trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p IC\u2026 Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u201cSeiketsu\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cng\u0103n ng\u1eeba\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ec7 sinh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Shitsuke (\u8ebe S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1eef \u201cc\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 5S, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n theo Seiri, Seiton, Seiso v\u00e0 Seiketsu \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng ty b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cShitsuke\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh nghim th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 5S. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, 5S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Seiri Seiton \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng An to\u00e0n, Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986, khi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 5S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 5S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, 5S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Hi\u1ec7n nay, 5S c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch: (1) n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp h\u01a1n; (2) m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3; (3) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn; (4) k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam; (5) n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n; (6) ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 (7) k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 5S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kaizen b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ty. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng 5S c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Khi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ng\u0103n n\u1eafp th\u00ec m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t. N\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u0103ng doanh thu b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. V\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

b. KSS (Kaizen Suggestion System) \u2013 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Kaizen, g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, x\u1eed l\u00fd, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea3n tin, h\u1ed9p th\u01b0\u2026), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e3o c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u2026) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng (b\u1ea3n tin Kaizen, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kaizen,\u2026) t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp theo cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9. Song gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. Qui m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Kaizen Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Trong n\u0103m 1990, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 32 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 0,11 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Kaizen.<\/p>\n

c. QCC (Quality Control Circles) – Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 Kaizen trong n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 khi phong tr\u00e0o v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1ed5, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 1 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Toyota g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 khi m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng xe Toyota c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u01a1n xe M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t\u2026 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean: nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ty; nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edfng; nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean thu th\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c (nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ty, chuy\u00ean gia\u2026). Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e3o c\u00f4ng (brainstorming), 6 m\u0169 t\u01b0 duy (Six Thinking Hat)\u2026<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00f3m c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu khi c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Kaizen. Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap Kaizen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec Kaizen l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

d. JIT (Just In Time) – \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a TOYOTA, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Taiichi Ohno thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty TOYOTA, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Toyota, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tinh g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kanban.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cJust in time\u201d (JIT) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o\u201d t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng si\u00eau th\u1ecb M\u1ef9. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u01a1i \u0111i tr\u00ean k\u1ec7. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00f4n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng trong kho, th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ebfn khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi tung s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m ph\u1ee7 b\u1ee5i ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u201c\u0111\u00fang l\u00fac\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty Toyota, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t cho t\u1edbi khi b\u01b0\u1edbc 2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc 1. Trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, Toyota \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kaban \u0111\u1ec3 ra hi\u1ec7u cho b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung. “Kanban” l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1eadt t\u01b0 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00e9o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb treo ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec3 ra hi\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec1n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec1n sau c\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u1eadt t\u01b0. V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, Kanban l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00e9o. M\u1ed9t Kanban c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng r\u1ed7ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb treo, b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Kanban \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: (1) Kanban Cung C\u1ea5p \u2013 M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt t\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p. (2) Kanban Ti\u00eau Th\u1ee5 \u2013 M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5ng s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u201cjust in time\u201d (JIT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: (1) cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n; (2) nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam t\u00f9y v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ed3n kho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf cho m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ed5 sung ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y \u0111i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n (JIT) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed (nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n\u2026) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u \u2013 ngay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. N\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e3m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed (th\u1eddi gian, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c\u2026) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Kaizen.<\/p>\n

e. B\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea – L\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– L\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 (Flow chart) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb l\u00fac ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh .<\/p>\n

– Phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra (Checksheet) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin\/d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (Cause and Effect Diagram) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e3o c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5 l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i sao? (\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto (Pareto Diagram) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\/nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i, giao h\u00e0ng tr\u1ec5 h\u1eb9n\u2026). L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 (Histogram) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (Control Chart) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

– Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n (Scatter Diagram) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 2 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Kaizen, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u01b0c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, thu\u1ed9c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng? Ti\u1ebfp theo, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Pareto \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed do t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sao?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c Kaizen m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng Kaizen tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt. Kaizen ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 2 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ee9ng sau th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Kaizen, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Kaizen s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc K\u1ef8 N\u0102NG TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N KAIZEN<\/a><\/span> c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n MasterSkills gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3m chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i :\u00a0https:\/\/www.masterskills.org\/Kaizen-practice-skills-training.htm<\/span><\/a>
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\n\"\"🏣<\/span><\/span>\u00a0H\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 n\u1ed9i: T\u1ea7ng 7, Trung T\u00e2m TM V\u00e2n H\u1ed3, S\u1ed1 51, L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh, Q.Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, Tp.H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i
\n\"\"📞<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tel.(028) 22 194 047
\n\"\"📧<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Email:info@masterskills.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Kaizen l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kaizen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p b\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u6539 (“kai”) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u5584 (“zen”) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201congoing improvement\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2517"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}