{"id":25194,"date":"2023-12-07T00:16:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T00:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-kiem-dinh-tri-so-p-p-test-la-gi-gia-tri-p-value.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:07:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:07:04","slug":"phuong-phap-kiem-dinh-tri-so-p-p-test-la-gi-gia-tri-p-value","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phuong-phap-kiem-dinh-tri-so-p-p-test-la-gi-gia-tri-p-value.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P (P-test) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Thegreatcoursesplus.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 P-test<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf\u00a0gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng\u00a0(null hypothesis) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf (hay kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P<\/b> t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (\u03b1), m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea\u00a0ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng theo ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n khi c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c \u03b1 b\u00e9 h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 5%, hay \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 95% ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value<\/b> nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u03b1 = 5% c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 95% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n, cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value<\/font><\/h3>\n

Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra hai gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft – gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/i> (H0<\/sub>) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf<\/i> (H1<\/sub>).<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P,<\/b> h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Saylordotorg.github.io<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

– Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf (p-value < \u03b1<\/i>) th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn (p-value> \u03b1<\/i>) th\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb p-value b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Z v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Z\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh m\u1eabu so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh T<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Z \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. \u00a0 <\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 P (ti\u1ebfng Anh: P-test) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25194"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25194\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}