{"id":25250,"date":"2023-12-07T00:18:14","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T00:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dinh-muc-nguyen-vat-lieu-bill-of-materials-bom-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:16:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:16:55","slug":"dinh-muc-nguyen-vat-lieu-bill-of-materials-bom-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dinh-muc-nguyen-vat-lieu-bill-of-materials-bom-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (Bill of Materials – BOM) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: vilas.edu.vn)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/b> hay H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: Bill of Materials – BOM.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (BOM)<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Investopedia)<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t BOM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 trong kho v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong kho.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t BOM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (Engineer Bill of Materials), khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (sales bill of materials), khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (manufacturing bill of materials) ho\u1eb7c khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec (service bill of materials).\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i BOM kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, BOM c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c , c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201d \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u201d (ho\u1eb7c \u201cBOM\u201d) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

– Manufacturing BOM (mBOM)<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

– Engineering Bill of Materials (eBOM)<\/b><\/p>\n

BOM k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (eBOM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (CAD) ho\u1eb7c T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (EDA).\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t eBOM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

– Production BOM<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t BOM s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cho m\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n) c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BOM ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Vietnam Logistics and Aviation School)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Bill of Materials – BOM) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25250"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25250\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}