{"id":25333,"date":"2023-12-07T00:21:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T00:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ngoai-ung-san-xuat-production-externality-la-gi-vi-du-ve-ngoai-ung-san-xuat.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:25:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:25:07","slug":"ngoai-ung-san-xuat-production-externality-la-gi-vi-du-ve-ngoai-ung-san-xuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/ngoai-ung-san-xuat-production-externality-la-gi-vi-du-ve-ngoai-ung-san-xuat.html","title":{"rendered":"Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Production Externality) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0Production Externality.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i> l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng. Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i> th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 v\u1ec1\u00a0kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t,<\/i> nh\u01b0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1n b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng sau khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00d9n t\u1eafc giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ph\u00e1t sinh do h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh A. C. Pigou l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ecdi ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Pigou l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u Pareto, ngay c\u1ea3 khi trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/b><\/p>\n

– \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n do ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a anh ta b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7<\/p>\n

– S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i 2 v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed1t do l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c – do ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nu\u00f4i ong l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng xung quanh t\u1ed5 ong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 m\u1eadt ong thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(Theo investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Production Externality) l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng. Ngo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25333"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25333"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25333\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}