{"id":25428,"date":"2023-12-07T01:32:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-phoi-nhi-thuc-binomial-distribution-la-gi-nhung-dac-diem-can-luu-y.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:33:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:33:22","slug":"phan-phoi-nhi-thuc-binomial-distribution-la-gi-nhung-dac-diem-can-luu-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/phan-phoi-nhi-thuc-binomial-distribution-la-gi-nhung-dac-diem-can-luu-y.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c (Binomial Distribution) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Vertica.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/b>, ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 binomial distribution<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t trong hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed7i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed n\u00e0y xung kh\u1eafc hay \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 1 (cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng) ho\u1eb7c 0 (cho th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i) trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/b> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x<\/b> th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong n<\/b> ph\u00e9p th\u1eed, v\u1edbi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng p<\/b> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c <\/b>th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n\u00a0s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed hay s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t khi m\u1ed7i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 nhau. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed v\u1edbi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tung \u0111\u1ed3ng xu ra m\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda trong 100 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed l\u00e0 50, hay 100 x 0.5. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n n\u00e9m b\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 1 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o r\u1ed5 c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 0 l\u00e0 n\u00e9m ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 np<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 np x (1-p)<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi p = 0,5; ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i quanh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi p > 0,5; ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi p < 0,5 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng p<\/b> l\u0169y th\u1eeba s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k<\/b> v\u1edbi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u0169y th\u1eeba ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed n<\/b> v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec trong s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t casino \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ra m\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda hay m\u1eb7t s\u1ea5p trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n tung \u0111\u1ed3ng xu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c 10$ l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 6 l\u1ea7n ra m\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda trong 20 l\u1ea7n tung \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ednh x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y n\u00ean anh \u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0:\u00a0<\/p>\n

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K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 6 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda trong 20 l\u1ea7n tung \u0111\u1ed3ng xu l\u00e0 0,037 hay 3,7%. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 10, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb th\u1ee9c (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Binomial distribution) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t trong hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25428"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25428"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25428\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}