{"id":25449,"date":"2023-12-07T01:32:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/sai-so-errors-trong-dieu-tra-thong-ke-la-gi-bien-phap-han-che-sai-so.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:29:02","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:29:02","slug":"sai-so-errors-trong-dieu-tra-thong-ke-la-gi-bien-phap-han-che-sai-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/sai-so-errors-trong-dieu-tra-thong-ke-la-gi-bien-phap-han-che-sai-so.html","title":{"rendered":"Sai s\u1ed1 (Errors) trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai s\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: softworksgroup<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Sai s\u1ed1<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 errors\u00a0(statistical errors)<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 <\/b>trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sai s\u1ed1, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i: sai s\u1ed1 do \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 do t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 do \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed, ghi ch\u00e9p<\/b><\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh do vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e2n \u0111ong, \u0111o, \u0111\u1ebfm sai, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai, ghi ch\u00e9p sai, do d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c,… Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, do c\u1ed1 \u00fd, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Sai s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/i> l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi). N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qui lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nhau l\u00e0m cho sai s\u1ed1 chung c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/i> l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra do ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c sai s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thang \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c,…. Lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qui lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 do t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Sai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00ean ph\u00e1t sinh sai s\u1ed1, ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai s\u1ed1<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai s\u1ed1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/b>: th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e0ng chu \u0111\u00e1o, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng phi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, sai s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfm tra c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/b>: ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh logic c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1eabu (c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu), ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u00e1y,…<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea doanh nghi\u1ec7p, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Sai s\u1ed1 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Errors) trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25449"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25449\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}