{"id":25522,"date":"2023-12-07T01:35:58","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/giai-doan-cham-day-trough-la-gi-dac-diem.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:33:37","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:33:37","slug":"giai-doan-cham-day-trough-la-gi-dac-diem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/giai-doan-cham-day-trough-la-gi-dac-diem.html","title":{"rendered":"Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y (Trough) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
<\/div>\n
\n

Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Slideserve.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y \u00a0<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Trough<\/b>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m, suy tho\u00e1i, ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (GDP) hay t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/font><\/h3>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b> l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu k\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, k\u1ebft th\u00fac giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (GDP) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng trong chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi 5% \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. Khi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng theo th\u00e1ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy tho\u00e1i. Khi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Dow Jones (DJIA) v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 S&P 500 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Khi ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau khi s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y, v\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b> th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy tho\u00e1i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i. Ch\u1ec9 khi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 doanh thu v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea3m, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty sa th\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u01a1n, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 h\u01a1n (so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c trong chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf). Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y <\/font><\/h3>\n

Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2009 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i suy tho\u00e1i \u1edf M\u1ef9, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2007. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2007, GDP c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 14.99 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i ti\u1ebfp theo, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2009, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y \u1edf m\u1ee9c 14.36 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng GDP c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2007, \u0111\u1ea1t 15.02 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2011.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b> x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1991. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, GDP \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 8.87 ng\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la, gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 8.98 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m suy tho\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi GDP l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c 9 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1991.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u00ednh<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

– Chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i (GDP) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra, v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nh\u01b0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao h\u01a1n, sa th\u1ea3i, doanh thu v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Trough) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u0103ng hay ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25522"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25522"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25522\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}