{"id":25529,"date":"2023-12-07T01:36:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/sai-lam-loai-ii-type-ii-error-la-gi-su-khac-nhau-giua-sai-lam-loai-i-va-loai-ii.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:33:25","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:33:25","slug":"sai-lam-loai-ii-type-ii-error-la-gi-su-khac-nhau-giua-sai-lam-loai-i-va-loai-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/sai-lam-loai-ii-type-ii-error-la-gi-su-khac-nhau-giua-sai-lam-loai-i-va-loai-ii.html","title":{"rendered":"Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II (Type II Error) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i II"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Notawfulandboring.blogspot.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Type II Error<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b> l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> H0<\/sub> \u0111\u00fang, trong khi sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II <\/b>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> H0<\/sub> sai. L\u1ed7i n\u00e0y b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf Ha<\/sub>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/b> ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 hai quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau. Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng (<\/span>null hypothesis) d\u00f9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i beta.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n khi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady +\/- 95% l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, n\u1ebfu t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00fang sai n\u00e0y l\u00ean +\/- 99%, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng. <\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I. Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c r\u1ee7i ro m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i II<\/font><\/h3>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/b> v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> trong khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang. X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 0.05 th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 5%.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eeb \u0111i m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 beta. M\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/font><\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y hi v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf H0<\/sub> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111u\u00f4i. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf Ha<\/sub> cho r\u1eb1ng hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nhau. <\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean 3.000 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. C\u00f4ng ty hi v\u1ecdng hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c \u00fd ngh\u0129a 0.05, cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 5% c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay 5% c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed beta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 0.025, ho\u1eb7c 2.5%. Do \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II l\u00e0 2.5%. N\u1ebfu hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nhau, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> khi hai thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/b>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u00ednh<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span> trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

– Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

– Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n khi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II v\u1edbi sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i II (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Type II Error) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khi kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3 sai.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25529"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25529\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}