{"id":25531,"date":"2023-12-07T01:36:20","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/sai-lam-loai-i-type-i-error-la-gi-vi-du-ve-sai-lam-loai-i.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:33:25","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:33:25","slug":"sai-lam-loai-i-type-i-error-la-gi-vi-du-ve-sai-lam-loai-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/sai-lam-loai-i-type-i-error-la-gi-vi-du-ve-sai-lam-loai-i.html","title":{"rendered":"Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I (Type I Error) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Twitter.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Type I Error<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e9p th\u1eed. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> (H0<\/sub>) cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n – k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 “n = 0.” N\u1ebfu khi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh sai<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y ra sai l\u1ec7ch trong khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb “d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3<\/b>“. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. L\u1ed7i “d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3” n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf H0<\/sub> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b>. Hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1edd ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> H0<\/sub> cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf H1<\/sub> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b> trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i h\u1ecd v\u1eabn b\u1ecb x\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o t\u00f9.<\/p>\n

Trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh y t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Khi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 m\u1edbi. gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span> H0<\/sub> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. Sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1c b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u00ec k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf H0<\/sub>, n\u1ebfu trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng thay v\u00ec thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng, hay sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I<\/b>.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Sai l\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i I (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Type I Error) l\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p th\u1eed th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25531"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25531\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}