{"id":25602,"date":"2023-12-07T01:39:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khoang-tin-cay-confidence-interval-la-gi-nhung-quan-niem-sai-lam-ve-khoang-tin-cay.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:38:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:38:23","slug":"khoang-tin-cay-confidence-interval-la-gi-nhung-quan-niem-sai-lam-ve-khoang-tin-cay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khoang-tin-cay-confidence-interval-la-gi-nhung-quan-niem-sai-lam-ve-khoang-tin-cay.html","title":{"rendered":"Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady (Confidence Interval) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: 365datascience.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady <\/b>trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Confidence Interval.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/b> l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.
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Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady <\/b>\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec con s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 95% ho\u1eb7c 99%.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/b> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady cho m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho ra l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Ho\u1eb7c, theo qui chu\u1ea9n chung, “Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn 99% (\u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady) r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y (c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady) c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.”<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/font><\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 188cm. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh 188cm l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb trung b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, hay nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh 188cm n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch xa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/b> 95% b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chu\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong 95% t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian hay kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa 183cm v\u00e0 193cm. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y 100 m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 183cm \u0111\u1ebfn 193cm trong 95 m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/b> cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u00ean 99%. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady 99% l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 178cm \u0111\u1ebfn 198cm, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i 99 trong s\u1ed1 100 m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 90% c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i 90% c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 99% c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 95% c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m tham s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/font><\/h3>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/b> l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u sai kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady 99% \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u1eeb 178cm \u0111\u1ebfn188cm cho bi\u1ebft 99% d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c y\u0301 chi\u0301nh<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady<\/b> l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

– Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

– Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 95% ho\u1eb7c 99%.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Kho\u1ea3ng tin c\u1eady (ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh: Confidence Interval) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25602"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25602\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}