{"id":25672,"date":"2023-12-07T01:42:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khai-thac-trang-optimal-clear-cutting-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:45:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:45:50","slug":"khai-thac-trang-optimal-clear-cutting-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khai-thac-trang-optimal-clear-cutting-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng (Optimal clear &#8211; cutting) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-body vceditor-content wi-active\" data-role=\"content\">\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"Photo\" style=\"\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: rcinet.ca)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng<\/font><\/h2>\n<p><b>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng<\/b> hay <b>khai th\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<b>\u00a0Optimal clear &#8211; cutting.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng <\/b>l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc &#8211; l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 thu ho\u1ea1ch khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><b>Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng<\/b> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed thu ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u0129 quan h\u1ecdc, sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quan gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y thu ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed7 theo t\u1eebng v\u1ee5 lu\u00e2n canh 60 n\u0103m. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ty mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng&#8230; ), c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh thu ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng, (khai th\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n), vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch i\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn 100 m\u1eabu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch 100 m\u1eabu r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1eabu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t k\u00ec theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng 2 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 50 m\u1eabu; khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng 10 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 10 m\u1eabu&#8230; N\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch trong 1 n\u0103m th\u00ec 1&lt; ho\u1eb7c = n &lt; ho\u1eb7c = 100.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra 2 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed thu ho\u1ea1ch. Khi n t\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed7 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ri\u00eang r\u1ebd.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed sinh th\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m khi n t\u0103ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, khi n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y r\u1eebng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i khai th\u00e1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh 1. S\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch (n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c ho\u00e0nh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb N n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong H bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb chi ph\u00ed thu ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong E bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb chi ph\u00ed sinh th\u00e1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong T th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong H v\u00e0 E. N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed thu ho\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng, trong khi n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed sinh th\u00e1i, s\u1ebd khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n0 m\u1eabu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n*, t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"Photo\" style=\"\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh 1. Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Kinh t\u1ebf T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-sapo\" data-role=\"sapo\">\n                            Khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Optimal clear &#8211; cutting) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu ho\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf r\u1eebng.\n                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25672"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25672"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25672\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}