{"id":25685,"date":"2023-12-07T01:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-so-quan-li-thu-mua-purchasing-managers-index-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:45:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:45:51","slug":"chi-so-quan-li-thu-mua-purchasing-managers-index-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-so-quan-li-thu-mua-purchasing-managers-index-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu mua (Purchasing Managers’ Index) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: fxdautu.com)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu mua (Purchasing Managers’ Index)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu mua<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Purchasing Managers’ Index<\/b>; vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 PMI.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu mua (PMI)<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mua h\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean hay th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a PMI l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh PMI<\/b><\/p>\n

PMI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cung \u1ee9ng (ISM). PMI d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 400 c\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed9c 19 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho GDP c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

PMI d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi, m\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n kho, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, giao h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. ISM suy x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 nhau cho t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. C\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh doanh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay x\u1ea5u \u0111i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c PMI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 100. M\u1ed9t PMI tr\u00ean 50 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PMI d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 50 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e0ng xa m\u1ee9c 50 th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. PMI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

PMI = (P1 * 1) + (P2 * 0.5) + (P3 * 0)<\/p>\n

trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

P1: ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

P2: ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

P3: ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o suy gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 PMI (nh\u01b0 IHS Markit Group) \u0111\u01b0a ra PMI cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

PMI \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/font><\/h3>\n

PMI v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan do ISM \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed trong nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a. S\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u1ed3n kho hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PMI. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p linh ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a theo PMI \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng mong mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin PMI v\u1ec1 cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang t\u0103ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 mua c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PMI \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PMI cho l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf. L\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong PMI c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf (nh\u01b0 GDP), s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a PMI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu mua (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Purchasing Managers’ Index) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25685"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25685"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25685\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}