{"id":25752,"date":"2023-12-07T01:45:58","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/su-rang-buoc-ngan-sach-budget-constraint-trong-li-thuyet-hanh-vi-nguoi-tieu-dung-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:53:52","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:53:52","slug":"su-rang-buoc-ngan-sach-budget-constraint-trong-li-thuyet-hanh-vi-nguoi-tieu-dung-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/su-rang-buoc-ngan-sach-budget-constraint-trong-li-thuyet-hanh-vi-nguoi-tieu-dung-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch (Budget Constraint) trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Economics for Investment Decision Makers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch (Budget constraint)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Budget constraint<\/b>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/b> l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh<\/font><\/h3>\n

X\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Warren c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (I) \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 x\u00e1c \u0111inh PB <\/sub>v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 PW<\/sub>. Warren c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do chi ti\u00eau kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, sao cho chi ti\u00eau cho b\u00e1nh m\u00ec c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chi ti\u00eau cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a anh ta.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y (ho\u1eb7c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c thu nh\u1eadp) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

PB<\/sub>\u00a0x QB<\/sub>\u00a0+ Pw x\u00a0Pw\u00a0<\/sub>\u2264 I<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Warren d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

PB<\/sub>\u00a0x QB<\/sub>\u00a0+ Pw\u00a0x\u00a0Pw <\/sub>=\u00a0I<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng -PB<\/sub>\/PW<\/sub><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch:<\/font><\/h3>\n

– N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec t\u0103ng l\u00ean, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ed1c h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7n d\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u0103ng, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt d\u1ed1c h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7n ngang.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng l\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ra ngo\u00e0i, song song v\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed Warren c\u00f3 60 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau cho b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00e0 0,5 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ounce (oz) r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang l\u00e0 0,75 \u0111\u00f4 la. Ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

0,5 x QB<\/sub>\u00a0+ 0,75 x\u00a0Pw\u00a0<\/sub>= 60<\/b><\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho b\u00e1nh m\u00ec th\u00ec anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua 120 l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00ec anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua 80 oz r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i, anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua 60 l\u00e1t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 40 oz r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 Warren c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch $60 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb sau:<\/p>\n

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(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Economics for Investment Decision Makers<\/i>, CFA Institute)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n S\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Budget Constraint) l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25752"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25752"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25752\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}