{"id":25757,"date":"2023-12-07T01:46:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thang-du-san-xuat-producer-surplus-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:22:07","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:22:07","slug":"thang-du-san-xuat-producer-surplus-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/thang-du-san-xuat-producer-surplus-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Producer Surplus) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Economics for Investment Decision Makers<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Producer Surplus)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Producer Surplus<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng doanh thu m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

– Chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5ng doanh thu l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u00e1n ra nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cung th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u00e1n th\u00eam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1eadn bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/font><\/h3>\n
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\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung, chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1eadn bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam. V\u00ec v\u1eady,\u00a0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Q1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung \u0111\u1ebfn (bao g\u1ed3m) \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Q1 (di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch s\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 P1, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ed5ng doanh thu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao l\u00e0 P1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Q1.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh thang nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt). Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00e0m cung th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qs = -15 + P. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng 65.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, thay gi\u00e1 P = 65 v\u00e0o h\u00e0m cung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Q) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3: Qs = -15 + 65 = 50.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung h\u01a1n, ta \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m cung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i P theo Q: P = 15 + Q. Trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 ch\u1eb7n l\u00e0 15 (giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c P) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eb7n l\u00e0 -15 (giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c Q).<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb minh h\u1ecda v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 50:<\/p>\n

Area = 1\/2 Base x Height = 1\/2 x 50 x 50 = 1.250.<\/p>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Economics for Investment Decision Makers<\/i>, CFA Institute)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Producer Surplus) l\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng doanh thu m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25757"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25757\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}