{"id":25772,"date":"2023-12-07T01:46:34","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-tra-dich-vu-he-sinh-thai-payments-for-ecosystem-services-pes-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:49:46","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:49:46","slug":"chi-tra-dich-vu-he-sinh-thai-payments-for-ecosystem-services-pes-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chi-tra-dich-vu-he-sinh-thai-payments-for-ecosystem-services-pes-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i (Payments for ecosystem services – PES) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: whygreeneconomy)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Chi tra\u0309 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Chi tra\u0309 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i <\/b>hay chi tra\u0309 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Payments for ecosystem services – PES<\/b>\u00a0hay Payments for environmental services.<\/b><\/p>\n

Chi tra\u0309 di\u0323ch vu\u0323 h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i\u00a0<\/b>la\u0300 co\u0302ng cu\u0323 kinh t\u00ea\u0301 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng l\u01a1\u0323i t\u01b0\u0300 ca\u0301c di\u0323ch vu\u0323 h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i chi tra\u0309 cho nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tham gia duy tri\u0300, ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 va\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u0301c na\u0306ng cu\u0309a h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i \u0111o\u0301.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Thi\u0301 du\u0323, <\/b>ca\u0301c tha\u0309m r\u01b0\u0300ng ng\u1ea1\u0302p m\u1ea1\u0306n ven bi\u00ea\u0309n co\u0301 ta\u0301c du\u0323ng ch\u0103\u0301n so\u0301ng, ch\u00f4\u0301ng la\u0323i ta\u0301c \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng cu\u0309a thie\u0302n tai, duy tri\u0300 ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01a1\u0323i thu\u0309y ha\u0309i sa\u0309n cu\u0309a khu v\u01b0\u0323c…\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u0300 v\u1ea1\u0302y, nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng l\u01a1\u0323i tho\u0302ng qua vi\u1eb9\u0302c khai tha\u0301c tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p ca\u0301c gia\u0301 tri\u0323 ma\u0300 r\u01b0\u0300ng ng\u1ea1\u0302p m\u1ea1\u0306n ta\u0323o ra pha\u0309i co\u0301 tra\u0301ch nhi\u1eb9\u0302m chi tra\u0309 m\u1ecd\u0302t khoa\u0309n tu\u031bo\u031bng x\u01b0\u0301ng cho nh\u01b0\u0303ng ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p tham gia duy tri\u0300 va\u0300 ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u0301c na\u0306ng cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u0300ng ng\u1ea1\u0302p m\u1ea1\u0306n (Forest Trend, 2011).<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

Di\u0323ch vu\u0323 h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i<\/b> bao g\u00f4\u0300m nh\u01b0\u0303ng l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch ma\u0300 con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i khai tha\u0301c ho\u1ea1\u0306c hu\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng l\u01a1\u0323i (tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p ho\u1ea1\u0306c gia\u0301n ti\u00ea\u0301p) t\u01b0\u0300 ca\u0301c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c di\u0323ch vu\u0323 co\u031b ba\u0309n nh\u00e2\u0301t ma\u0300 con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 khai tha\u0301c bao g\u00f4\u0300m:\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Di\u0323ch vu\u0323 cung c\u00e2\u0301p th\u01b0\u0301c a\u0306n, nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c u\u00f4\u0301ng, g\u00f4\u0303, v\u1ea1\u0302t li\u1eb9\u0302u xa\u0302y d\u01b0\u0323ng, ngu\u00f4\u0300n gen, nguye\u0302n li\u1eb9\u0302u tho\u0302, ca\u0302y thu\u00f4\u0301c du\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ph\u00e2\u0309m, pha\u0302n bo\u0301n.<\/p>\n

– Di\u0323ch vu\u0323 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ho\u0300a: khi\u0301 h\u1ea1\u0302u, ch\u00f4\u0301ng xo\u0301i l\u01a1\u0309 b\u01a1\u0300 bi\u00ea\u0309n, la\u0300m sa\u0323ch nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c, b\u00e2\u0303y tr\u00e2\u0300m ti\u0301ch…<\/p>\n

– Di\u0323ch vu\u0323 va\u0306n ho\u0301a: gia\u0301o du\u0323c, du li\u0323ch sinh tha\u0301i, nghi\u0309 ngo\u031bi…<\/p>\n

– Di\u0323ch vu\u0323 h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 hi\u0300nh tha\u0300nh \u0111\u00e2\u0301t, hi\u0300nh tha\u0300nh \u0111a\u0309o, na\u0306ng su\u00e2\u0301t so\u031b c\u00e2\u0301p, duy tri\u0300 \u0111a da\u0323ng sinh ho\u0323c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ea1\u0306c du\u0300 la\u0300 m\u1ecd\u0302t kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m m\u01a1\u0301i \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c \u0111u\u031ba va\u0300o tu\u031b duy va\u0300 th\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0303n ba\u0309o t\u00f4\u0300n g\u00e2\u0300n m\u1ecd\u0302t th\u1ea1\u0302p k\u1ec9 tr\u01a1\u0309 la\u0323i \u0111a\u0302y nhu\u031bng PES \u0111a\u0303 nhanh cho\u0301ng \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u01a1\u0309 nhi\u00ea\u0300u qu\u00f4\u0301c gia tre\u0302n th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hi\u1eb9\u0302n nay, PES nga\u0300y ca\u0300ng pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n lan r\u1ecd\u0302ng va\u0300 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c th\u00ea\u0309 ch\u00ea\u0301 ho\u0301a trong ca\u0301c va\u0306n ba\u0309n pha\u0301p lu\u1ea1\u0302t b\u01a1\u0309i nh\u01b0\u0303ng nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c coi tro\u0323ng PES nhu\u031b m\u1ecd\u0302t gia\u0309i pha\u0301p chi\u0301nh sa\u0301ch \u0111\u00ea\u0309 khuy\u00ea\u0301n khi\u0301ch, chia se\u0309 ca\u0301c l\u01a1\u0323i i\u0301ch trong c\u1ecd\u0302ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Rie\u0302ng vi\u1eb9\u0302c a\u0301p du\u0323ng PES bi\u00ea\u0309n thi\u0300 hi\u1eb9\u0302n nay ca\u0301c nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c tre\u0302n th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i \u0111a\u0303 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng m\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 phu\u031bo\u031bng th\u01b0\u0301c nhu\u031b sau (Forest trends, 2011):<\/p>\n

– PES tho\u0302ng qua thu phi\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0300n s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng kho\u0302ng gian bi\u00ea\u0309n<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309, theo Lu\u1ea1\u0302t Ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 Mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng cu\u0309a Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c, \u0111\u00e2\u0301t \u0111ai va\u0300 ca\u0301c \u0111a\u0309o, bi\u00ea\u0309n thu\u1ecd\u0302c s\u01a1\u0309 h\u01b0\u0303u nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c va\u0300 nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c se\u0303 giao cho ca\u0301c ca\u0301 nha\u0302n, t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng va\u0300o \u0111u\u0301ng mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch d\u01b0\u0323a tre\u0302n qui hoa\u0323ch pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n kho\u0302ng gian bi\u00ea\u0309n \u0111a\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c phe\u0302 duy\u1eb9\u0302t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00ea\u0309 s\u01a1\u0309 h\u01b0\u0303u \u0111\u00e2\u0301t ven bi\u00ea\u0309n va\u0300o ca\u0301c mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n khu thu\u031bo\u031bng ma\u0323i, du li\u0323ch, nghi\u0309 du\u031b\u01a1\u0303ng…, chu\u0309 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tu\u031b pha\u0309i \u0111o\u0301ng thu\u00ea\u0301 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t, trong \u0111o\u0301 30% ti\u00ea\u0300n thu\u00ea\u0301 s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng \u0111\u00e2\u0301t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c nha\u0300 nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng cho mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n bi\u00ea\u0309n.<\/p>\n

– PES tho\u0302ng qua thu phi\u0301 di\u0323ch vu\u0323<\/b><\/p>\n

\u01a0\u0309 ca\u0301c nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c quanh vu\u0300ng \u0110o\u0302ng Nam A\u0301 nhu\u031b Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Tha\u0301i Lan…, kha\u0301ch tham quan ca\u0301c KBT bi\u00ea\u0309n ngoa\u0300i vi\u1eb9\u0302c tra\u0309 phi\u0301 tham quan co\u0300n pha\u0309i tra\u0309 phi\u0301 ba\u0309o t\u00f4\u0300n cho co\u031b quan qua\u0309n l\u00ed s\u01a1\u0309 ta\u0323i.<\/p>\n

– PES tho\u0302ng qua c\u00e2\u0301p phe\u0301p khai tha\u0301c<\/b><\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n nhu\u031b Canada, My\u0303, Australia th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u1eb9\u0302n vi\u1eb9\u0302c c\u00e2\u0301p phe\u0301p khai tha\u0301c ha\u0309i sa\u0309n cho ca\u0301c ta\u0300u \u0111a\u0301nh ca\u0301 v\u01a1\u0301i sa\u0309n lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng cho phe\u0301p khai tha\u0301c nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh va\u0300o ca\u0301c mu\u0300a trong na\u0306m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e2\u0301y phe\u0301p na\u0300y se\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c co\u031b quan co\u0301 th\u00e2\u0309m quy\u00ea\u0300n thanh tra ha\u0300ng na\u0306m tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c khi xe\u0301t cho phe\u0301p \u0111\u00f4\u0309i m\u01a1\u0301i, gia ha\u0323n. \u0110i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u1eb9\u0302n cho ca\u0301c ta\u0300u khai tha\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng la\u0300 pha\u0309i tua\u0302n thu\u0309 ca\u0301c qui \u0111i\u0323nh ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 ngu\u00f4\u0300n l\u01a1\u0323i thu\u0309y sa\u0309n nghie\u0302m ng\u1ea1\u0306t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u00ea\u0300n phi\u0301 thu \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 ca\u0301c gi\u00e2\u0301y phe\u0301p khai tha\u0301c na\u0300y chi\u0309 phu\u0323c vu\u0323 cho ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng tu\u00e2\u0300n tra ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng khai tha\u0301c tra\u0301i phe\u0301p va\u0300 ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 ca\u0301c ngu\u031b tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng quan tro\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

– PES tho\u0302ng qua chu\u00f4\u0303i thi\u0323 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ecd\u0302t s\u00f4\u0301 chu\u00f4\u0303i c\u01b0\u0309a ha\u0300ng \u01a1\u0309 My\u0303 nhu\u031b Wal Mart chi\u0309 cho phe\u0301p ba\u0301n ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m ha\u0309i sa\u0309n khai tha\u0301c t\u01b0\u0300 t\u01b0\u0323 nhie\u0302n sau khi \u0111a\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c co\u031b quan ch\u01b0\u0301c na\u0306ng da\u0301n tem “tha\u0302n thi\u1eb9\u0302n v\u01a1\u0301i mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng” (Environmental Friendly).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m na\u0300y \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i tie\u0302u du\u0300ng mua va\u0300 trong \u0111o\u031bn gia\u0301 sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m \u0111a\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c ti\u0301nh co\u0301 chi phi\u0301 PES.<\/p>\n

– PES tho\u0302ng qua ca\u0301c hi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111i\u0323nh lie\u0302n chi\u0301nh phu\u0309<\/b><\/p>\n

Hi\u1eb9\u0302n nay co\u0301 r\u00e2\u0301t nhi\u00ea\u0300u hi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111i\u0323nh v\u00ea\u0300 \u0111a\u0301nh b\u0103\u0301t, khai tha\u0301c ha\u0309i sa\u0309n \u0111a\u0303 \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c k\u00ed k\u00ea\u0301t. Vi\u0301 du\u0323 ca\u0301 ng\u01b0\u0300 \u0111a\u0323i du\u031bo\u031bng la\u0300 \u0111\u00f4\u0301i tu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng chi\u0323u s\u01b0\u0323 chi ph\u00f4\u0301i, \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u chi\u0309nh cu\u0309a Hi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111i\u0323nh v\u00ea\u0300 \u0111a\u0300n ca\u0301 di cu\u031b qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301, n\u0103\u0300m trong Co\u0302ng u\u031b\u01a1\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301 Lu\u1ea1\u0302t bi\u00ea\u0309n. Theo Hi\u1eb9\u0302p \u0111i\u0323nh na\u0300y, m\u00f4\u0303i vu\u0300ng bi\u00ea\u0309n tre\u0302n th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i \u0111\u00ea\u0300u \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c pha\u0302n chia va\u0300 qua\u0309n l\u00ed theo vu\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: K\u00ec v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n & r\u1ee7i ro m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung t\u00e2m Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng chi tr\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Payments for ecosystem services – PES) \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25772"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25772\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}