{"id":25779,"date":"2023-12-07T01:46:51","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T01:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kinh-te-nau-brown-economy-la-gi-nhung-he-qua.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T10:48:55","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T03:48:55","slug":"kinh-te-nau-brown-economy-la-gi-nhung-he-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/kinh-te-nau-brown-economy-la-gi-nhung-he-qua.html","title":{"rendered":"Kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e2u (Brown Economy) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh ho\u1ea1 (Ngu\u1ed3n: greeneconomycoalition)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m<\/b><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Brown Economy.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u<\/b> \u0111\u00ea\u0300 c\u1ea1\u0302p t\u01a1\u0301i quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n r\u00e2\u0301t ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c \u0111a\u0302y, \u0111o\u0301 la\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c va\u0300 x\u01b0\u0309 l\u00ed<\/span> o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m sau. “Na\u0302u” \u01a1\u0309 \u0111a\u0302y \u0111\u00ea\u0309 chi\u0309 o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 kho\u0302ng hi\u1eb9\u0302u qua\u0309 v\u00ea\u0300 m\u1ea1\u0306t s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chu\u031bo\u031bng tri\u0300nh Mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng cu\u0309a Lie\u0302n H\u01a1\u0323p Qu\u00f4\u0301c (UNEP) \u0111i\u0323nh nghi\u0303a kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u<\/b> la\u0300 “n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 d\u01b0\u0323a va\u0300o ca\u0301c ngu\u00f4\u0300n na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng ho\u0301a tha\u0323ch, bo\u0309 qua ca\u0301c v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 xa\u0303 h\u1ecd\u0302i, suy thoa\u0301i mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 suy gia\u0309m ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n thie\u0302n nhie\u0302n”.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e2u<\/font><\/h3>\n

Tre\u0302n th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301, quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m cu\u0309a kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u \u0111a\u0303 ga\u0302y ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng t\u00f4\u0309n ha\u0323i to l\u01a1\u0301n cho mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng, nhu\u031b o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m kho\u0302ng khi\u0301, ngu\u00f4\u0300n nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c, \u0111a\u0323i du\u031bo\u031bng, suy thoa\u0301i \u0111\u00e2\u0301t, m\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u0300ng, suy gia\u0309m \u0111a da\u0323ng sinh ho\u0323c, gia ta\u0306ng pha\u0301t tha\u0309i khi\u0301 ga\u0302y hi\u1eb9\u0302u \u01b0\u0301ng nha\u0300 ki\u0301nh nhu\u031b CO2, SO2, CH4,… va\u0300 bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i khi\u0301 h\u1ea1\u0302u di\u00ea\u0303n ra v\u01a1\u0301i qui<\/span> mo\u0302 toa\u0300n c\u00e2\u0300u (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c h\u1eb9\u0302 qua\u0309 na\u0300y \u0111a\u0303 quay tr\u01a1\u0309 la\u0323i \u0111e do\u0323a cu\u1ecd\u0302c s\u00f4\u0301ng con ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i va\u0300 ga\u0302y ra t\u00f4\u0309n th\u00e2\u0301t cho hoa\u0323t \u0111\u1ecd\u0302ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ecd\u0302t vi\u0301 du\u0323 \u0111i\u00ea\u0309n hi\u0300nh la\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0309a Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c \u0111a\u0302y. V\u01a1\u0301i quan \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m u\u031bu tie\u0302n ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng kinh t\u00ea\u0301, qu\u00f4\u0301c gia na\u0300y \u0111a\u0303 \u0111a\u0323t \u0111u\u031b\u01a1\u0323c nh\u01b0\u0303ng bu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c ti\u00ea\u0301n nhanh cho\u0301ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Na\u0306m 2014, Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 co\u0301 qui<\/span> mo\u0302 s\u00f4\u0301 1 th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00f4\u0309ng gia\u0301 tri\u0323 sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m qu\u00f4\u0301c n\u1ecd\u0302i (GDP) la\u0300 17,4 nghi\u0300n t\u1ec9<\/span> USD ti\u0301nh theo s\u01b0\u0301c mua tu\u031bo\u031bng \u0111u\u031bo\u031bng, chi\u00ea\u0301m 16,5% GDP toa\u0300n c\u00e2\u0300u (IMF, 2014).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nhu\u031bng qu\u00f4\u0301c gia na\u0300y cu\u0303ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i pha\u0309i \u0111\u00f4\u0301i m\u1ea1\u0306t v\u01a1\u0301i nh\u01b0\u0303ng h\u1eb9\u0302 qua\u0309 cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u, \u0111o\u0301 la\u0300 ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 h\u1eb9\u0302 sinh tha\u0301i suy gia\u0309m nghie\u0302m tro\u0323ng, v\u00f4\u0301n di\u00ea\u0303n ra t\u01b0\u0300 tru\u031b\u01a1\u0301c \u0111o\u0301.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Na\u0306m 2009, t\u00f4\u0309ng tie\u0302u hao na\u0306ng lu\u031b\u01a1\u0323ng tre\u0302n m\u1ecd\u0302t \u0111o\u031bn vi\u0323 GDP cu\u0309a Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c g\u00e2\u0301p khoa\u0309ng 2,9 l\u00e2\u0300n My\u0303, 4,9 l\u00e2\u0300n cu\u0309a Nh\u1ea1\u0302t, 4,3 l\u00e2\u0300n cu\u0309a EU va\u0300 2,3 l\u00e2\u0300n m\u01b0\u0301c bi\u0300nh qua\u0302n cu\u0309a th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2010).\u00a0<\/p>\n

K\u00ea\u0309 t\u01b0\u0300 na\u0306m 2012, t\u1ec9<\/span> tro\u0323ng nh\u1ea1\u0302p kh\u00e2\u0309u nh\u01b0\u0303ng ta\u0300i nguye\u0302n, nhu\u031b d\u00e2\u0300u mo\u0309, qu\u1ea1\u0306ng s\u0103\u0301t va\u0300 nho\u0302m, \u0111a\u0303 vu\u031b\u01a1\u0323t qua\u0301 50% (Drysdale & Hurst, 2012: 17).<\/p>\n

Theo T\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c Y t\u00ea\u0301 th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, m\u00f4\u0303i na\u0306m co\u0301 tre\u0302n 1 tri\u1eb9\u0302u ngu\u031b\u01a1\u0300i Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c thi\u1eb9\u0302t ma\u0323ng do o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m kho\u0302ng khi\u0301, v\u01a1\u0301i nhi\u00ea\u0300u tha\u0300nh ph\u00f4\u0301 l\u01a1\u0301n cu\u0309a nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c na\u0300y luo\u0302n n\u0103\u0300m trong t\u00f4\u0301p \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ca\u0301c tha\u0300nh ph\u00f4\u0301 o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m kho\u0302ng khi\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i (WHO, 2016: 66).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ngoa\u0300i ra, B\u1ecd\u0302 Ba\u0309o v\u1eb9\u0302 mo\u0302i tru\u031b\u01a1\u0300ng cu\u0309a Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c trong m\u1ecd\u0302t kha\u0309o sa\u0301t qui mo\u0302 l\u01a1\u0301n na\u0306m 2013 \u0111a\u0303 th\u01b0\u0300a nh\u1ea1\u0302n r\u0103\u0300ng 16.1% di\u1eb9\u0302n ti\u0301ch \u0111\u00e2\u0301t (tu\u031bo\u031bng \u0111u\u031bo\u031bng v\u01a1\u0301i 1,5 tri\u1eb9\u0302u km2) va\u0300 19.4% \u0111\u00e2\u0301t no\u0302ng nghi\u1eb9\u0302p cu\u0309a nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c na\u0300y bi\u0323 nhi\u00ea\u0303m \u0111\u1ecd\u0302c kim loa\u0323i n\u1ea1\u0306ng nghie\u0302m tro\u0323ng (FAO & ITPS, 2015: 13).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khoa\u0309ng 1\/3 ca\u0301c do\u0300ng so\u0302ng va\u0300 60% ngu\u00f4\u0300n nu\u031b\u01a1\u0301c ng\u00e2\u0300m cu\u0309a Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c bi\u0323 o\u0302 nhi\u00ea\u0303m r\u00e2\u0301t n\u1ea1\u0306ng (Han, Currell, & Cao, 2016).\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110a\u0302y la\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng h\u1ea1\u0302u qua\u0309 nghie\u0302m tro\u0323ng cu\u0309a n\u00ea\u0300n kinh t\u00ea\u0301 na\u0302u va\u0300 la\u0300 ba\u0300i ho\u0323c ma\u0300 ca\u0301c qu\u00f4\u0301c gia kho\u0302ng mu\u00f4\u0301n l\u1ea1\u0306p la\u0323i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: Pha\u0302n bi\u1eb9\u0302t kha\u0301i ni\u1eb9\u0302m kinh t\u00ea\u0301\u00a0na\u0302u, kinh t\u00ea\u0301 xanh, ta\u0306ng tru\u031b\u01a1\u0309ng xanh, kinh t\u00ea\u0301 tuy\u00ea\u0301n ti\u0301nh, kinh t\u00ea\u0301\u00a0tu\u00e2\u0300n hoa\u0300n va\u0300 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n b\u00ea\u0300n v\u01b0\u0303ng, GV Nguy\u00ea\u0303n Hoa\u0300ng Nam, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e2u (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Brown Economy) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25779"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25779"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25779\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}