{"id":25879,"date":"2023-12-07T02:13:58","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-choi-doc-tai-dictator-game-la-gi-moi-lien-he-giua-tro-choi-doc-tai-va-tro-choi-toi-hau.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:22:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:22:11","slug":"tro-choi-doc-tai-dictator-game-la-gi-moi-lien-he-giua-tro-choi-doc-tai-va-tro-choi-toi-hau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-choi-doc-tai-dictator-game-la-gi-moi-lien-he-giua-tro-choi-doc-tai-va-tro-choi-toi-hau.html","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (Dictator game) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (Dictator game)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i <\/b>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Dictator game<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/i>, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd chia bao nhi\u00eau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i) trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi \u00edch k\u1ec9 (h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc do nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ecb tha.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111ang trong ph\u00f2ng A v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u00e1c \u0111ang trong ph\u00f2ng B. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong ph\u00f2ng A s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u00f2ng B. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng A (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho 10$ v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3) m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a 10$.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1eeb 0$, 1$, 2$, 3$, 4$, 5$, 6$, 7$, 8$, 9$ hay 10$. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi A s\u1ebd l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng A. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eedi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B bao nhi\u00eau? H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1eeb 0$ \u0111\u1ebfn 10$. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi \u0111i x$, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i (10 – x)$.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i?<\/font><\/h3>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/i> v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u00f2ng B kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean g\u1eedi g\u00ec c\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb khi anh ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/font><\/h3>\n

H\u00ecnh 11.1 minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 5$, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n 10$.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5c ho\u00e0nh trong h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tung cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nhau. H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda cho th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 th\u00ec h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, 36% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng chia g\u00ec c\u1ea3, trong khi trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh vi, NXB Kinh t\u1ebf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Trong khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00ednh h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 ta quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Dictator game, Tutor2u;\u00a0T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh vi, NXB Kinh t\u1ebf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Dictator game) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n chia s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25879"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25879\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}