{"id":25889,"date":"2023-12-07T02:14:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-choi-tin-tuong-trust-game-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:22:12","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:22:12","slug":"tro-choi-tin-tuong-trust-game-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-choi-tin-tuong-trust-game-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (Trust game) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (Trust game)<\/font><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Trust game<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e8 ngh\u1ecb) g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111ang trong ph\u00f2ng A v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u00e1c \u0111ang trong ph\u00f2ng B. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong ph\u00f2ng A (ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u00f2ng B (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c). Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u1edf m\u1ed7i ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10$. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec trong 10$ c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng B. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u1edf ph\u00f2ng A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1eeb 0$, 1$, 2$, 3$, 4$, 5$, 6$, 7$, 8$, 9$ hay 10$.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4 la g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng B s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f2ng A bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0o t\u1eeb 0$ cho \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng A.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u00f2ng A, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eedi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B bao nhi\u00eau? H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1eeb 0$ \u0111\u1ebfn 10$.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi x$ ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7y th\u00e1c s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3x$ v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i (10 – x)$.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7y th\u00e1c s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n y$. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7y th\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u1eeb 0$ \u0111\u1ebfn 3x$.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7y th\u00e1c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 (10 – x)$ + y$.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng?<\/font><\/h3>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng A tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00f2ng B bao nhi\u00eau. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng A \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n x$ v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7y th\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00f2ng B kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i g\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i (y$ = 0). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u00f2ng A s\u1ebd \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi g\u00ec c\u1ea3 (x$ = 0)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 20$ (10$ + 10$) v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef 10$ m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 40$ (10$ x 3 + 10$) b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ebd g\u1eedi ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n 10$ c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean ba l\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi kh\u00e1c nhau theo t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00f2ng A. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00f2ng B th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (y$ – x$). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

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T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh vi, NXB Kinh t\u1ebf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

H\u00ecnh 11.2 minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b>. Trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y, ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10$ v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean 3 l\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (M – 3x) v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean 6 l\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c (M – 6x).<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u00f2ng A (33\/44 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) g\u1eedi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng B.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 6$, c\u00f2n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00f2ng B nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (t\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n 50%, h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng B \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi, v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch kinh doanh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh vi, NXB Kinh t\u1ebf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Trust game) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25889"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25889\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}