{"id":25906,"date":"2023-12-07T02:15:05","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hoc-thuyet-malthus-malthusian-theory-of-population-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:23:46","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:23:46","slug":"hoc-thuyet-malthus-malthusian-theory-of-population-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/hoc-thuyet-malthus-malthusian-theory-of-population-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus (Malthusian Theory of Population) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: pptbackgrounds)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:\u00a0Malthusian Theory of Population.<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus<\/b> c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo Malthus, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee9 25 n\u0103m l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y sang th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u00e1c, theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o qui lu\u1eadt “\u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n” \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\u2026\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Thomas R. Malthus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qui lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i” (1798).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 50 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho 50 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, sau 25 n\u0103m n\u1eefa s\u1ebd c\u00f3 100 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho 100 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng sau 50 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 200 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p cho 150 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sau hai th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n 30 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; sau ba th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 315 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 sau hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Malthus nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ea1n th\u1eeba nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/font><\/h3>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qui lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Malthus \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u00e3i theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c sinh ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Malthus \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 (m\u1ee9c sinh, m\u1ee9c ch\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19, nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y do s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nhanh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Chinh, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n

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\n H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Malthus (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Malthusian Theory of Population) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25906"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25906"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25906\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}