{"id":25960,"date":"2023-12-07T02:17:31","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:17:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/truong-phai-kinh-te-ao-austrian-school-of-economics-la-gi-mot-so-hoc-thuyet-cua-truong-phai-kinh-te-ao.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:17","slug":"truong-phai-kinh-te-ao-austrian-school-of-economics-la-gi-mot-so-hoc-thuyet-cua-truong-phai-kinh-te-ao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/truong-phai-kinh-te-ao-austrian-school-of-economics-la-gi-mot-so-hoc-thuyet-cua-truong-phai-kinh-te-ao.html","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o (Austrian School of Economics) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: Lara-Murphy Reporting)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o (Austrian School of Economics)<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Austrian School of Economics, <\/b>hay Austrian Economics, Austrian School.<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i\u00a0kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0\u00c1o<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Vi\u00ean (Menger, Wieser, Bohm Bawerk). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Smith v\u00e0 Ricardo – nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra\u00a0l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Theo Menger, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u00edch l\u1ee3i hay kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Wieser ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Menger v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n Bohm Bawerk g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n.\u00a0\u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n (t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng – c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o<\/h3>\n

Chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i
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H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o Friedrich von Wieser v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19.\u00a0Chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi sinh li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t th\u1ee9 hai cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong tay v\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.\u00a0Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi kinh t\u1ebf gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u1ed1n v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o<\/i> v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0\u00a0cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u\u00a0tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bohm-Bawerk l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 v\u1edbi\u00a0h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0Karl Marx. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bohm-Bawerk th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 theo Marx l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Bohm-Bawerk l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n; h\u1ecd\u00a0t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p thu nh\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 doanh s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o ra. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bohm-Bawerk c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t<\/b><\/p>\n

Mises tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. <\/span>Do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb “l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cung ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Mises, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng cung ti\u1ec1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo Mises, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u00c1o ng\u00e0y nay cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb Mises l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t cung ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Chu k\u00ec kinh doanh\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u00c1o v\u1ec1\u00a0chu k\u00ec kinh doanh\u00a0t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chu k\u00ec t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a chu k\u00ec kinh doanh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam b\u1edfi Hayek v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chu k\u00ec kinh doanh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi von Mises, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cung ti\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 sai ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o\u00a0Murray Rothbard, vi\u1ebft “h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Mises cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a chu k\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng-suy tho\u00e1i: b\u01a1m t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng g\u00e2y ra l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u; s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng do \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ph\u1edbt l\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do;\u00a0<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, suy tho\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3”. Rothbard c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Mises l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u0129 m\u00f4, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u00c1o li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u1ecdc, T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1o (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Austrian School of Economics) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Vi\u00ean (Menger, Wieser, Bohm Bawerk).\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25960"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25960\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}