{"id":25976,"date":"2023-12-07T02:18:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dieu-tra-chon-mau-sampling-investigation-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:19","slug":"dieu-tra-chon-mau-sampling-investigation-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/dieu-tra-chon-mau-sampling-investigation-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu (Sampling investigation) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: Displayr<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0sampling investigation<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/i> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u00ean 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/font><\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung <\/i>(ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3)\u00a0<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khung ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu hay danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/i>: C\u00e1c khung ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: C\u00e1c danh b\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i hay ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i; danh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn: h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mua b\u00e1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o\u2026; danh s\u00e1ch t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty (th\u00f4ng qua phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m .<\/p>\n

– L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/i>: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kinh ph\u00ed d\u00e0nh cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t hay phi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t; sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ecdn ra h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui m\u00f4 m\u1eabu<\/i> (sample size): X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui m\u00f4 m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, khung ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ch\u01b0a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chi ph\u00ed cho ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t: th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu phi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t: th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1eabu trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/i>: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t: ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung v\u00e0o m\u1eabu sao cho \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 nhau.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu<\/i>: th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t sau: Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng? (v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf kh\u00e2u ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: do thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n\u2026).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (h\u1ecfi c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn). Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ec9<\/span> l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t (xem \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1eabu ch\u01b0a): trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 c\u00f3 khi th\u01b0 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t hay h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi gian l\u1eabn chi ph\u00ed so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Do \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u00edt \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i dung \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111i s\u00e2u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n do gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai s\u1ed1 phi ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu:\u00a0<\/p>\n

+ Do ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ef7 m\u1ec9 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong v\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra;\u00a0<\/p>\n

+ Do s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u00edt n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u tra vi\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao.\u00a0<\/p>\n

+ D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 qui lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhanh g\u1ecdn, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft qui m\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Do ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 suy r\u1ed9ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi sai s\u1ed1 khi suy r\u1ed9ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf theo ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qui m\u00f4 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch r\u1ea3i m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 V\u00f5 H\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7y, Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Topica<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n \u0110i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Sampling investigation) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u00ean 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25976"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25976"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25976\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}