{"id":25981,"date":"2023-12-07T02:18:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chon-mau-phi-ngau-nhien-non-probability-sampling-trong-thong-ke-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:20","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:20","slug":"chon-mau-phi-ngau-nhien-non-probability-sampling-trong-thong-ke-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chon-mau-phi-ngau-nhien-non-probability-sampling-trong-thong-ke-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (Non-probability sampling) trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-body vceditor-content wi-active\" data-role=\"content\">\n<div class=\"VCSortableInPreviewMode\" type=\"Photo\" style=\"\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"PhotoCMS_Caption\">\n<p>H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: QuestionPro<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\"><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u00a0<\/font><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean <\/b><span times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0<\/span><b times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">\u00a0non-probability sampling.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/i> (hay ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngang nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o m\u1eabu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: Ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 t\u1edbi mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i si\u00eau th\u1ecb t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 do kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai s\u1ed1 do ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 suy r\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1eabu cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><font style=\"line-height: 22px; font-size: 22px;\" color=\"#3d85c6\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/font><\/h3>\n<p><b><span times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n (<\/span>convenience sampling)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i hay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng,.. \u0111\u1ec3 xin th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3ng; ho\u1eb7c khi mu\u1ed1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b><span times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span>(judgement sampling)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o m\u1eabu. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0103n m\u1eb7c sang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 &#8220;th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng&#8221; m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b><span times=\"\" new=\"\" roman arial georgia charter serif font-size:=\"\" font-style:=\"\" normal font-variant-ligatures:=\"\" font-variant-caps:=\"\" letter-spacing:=\"\" orphans:=\"\" text-align:=\"\" justify text-indent:=\"\" text-transform:=\"\" none white-sMasterskills:=\"\" widows:=\"\" word-spacing:=\"\" text-decoration-style:=\"\" initial text-decoration-color:=\"\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea1ch\u00a0<\/span>(quota sampling)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1ed5 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 theo m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng, tuy nhi\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 ta l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n hay ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n vi\u00ean \u0111i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n 800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean 18 t\u1ea1i 1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea1ch, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u1ed5 theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 sau: ch\u1ecdn 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (200 nam v\u00e0 200 n\u1eef) c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 18 \u0111\u1ebfn 40, ch\u1ecdn 400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (200 nam v\u00e0 200 n\u1eef) c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 40 tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 hay thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>(Theo<i> &#8220;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i&#8221;<\/i> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 V\u00f5 H\u1ea3i Th\u1ee7y)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vnbcbc-sapo\" data-role=\"sapo\">\n                            Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu phi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Non-probability sampling) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngang nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o m\u1eabu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\n                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}