{"id":25998,"date":"2023-12-07T02:19:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chon-mau-ngau-nhien-don-gian-simple-random-sampling-trong-thong-ke-la-gi.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:21","slug":"chon-mau-ngau-nhien-don-gian-simple-random-sampling-trong-thong-ke-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/chon-mau-ngau-nhien-don-gian-simple-random-sampling-trong-thong-ke-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (Simple random sampling) trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. Ngu\u1ed3n: DataScience Made Simple<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u00a0simple random sampling<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/i> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0o. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1c th\u0103m, quay s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c theo b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/font><\/h3>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng cao. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0\u00a0l\u1eadp theo t\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c theo qui m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u2026, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0o\u00a0trong danh s\u00e1ch; r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0\u00a0r\u00fat th\u0103m, d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9ng h\u00e0m random c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung v\u00e0o m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u1ea7n nhau, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra\u00a0ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

VD: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn ra 293 doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 3000 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qui m\u00f4 m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn).<\/p>\n

(Theo Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea doanh nghi\u1ec7p, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Simple random sampling) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0o.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25998"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25998"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25998\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}