{"id":26008,"date":"2023-12-07T02:19:31","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khu-vuc-tien-te-toi-uu-optimal-currency-area-oca-la-gi-cac-tieu-chi-de-tro-thanh-oca.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:22","slug":"khu-vuc-tien-te-toi-uu-optimal-currency-area-oca-la-gi-cac-tieu-chi-de-tro-thanh-oca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/khu-vuc-tien-te-toi-uu-optimal-currency-area-oca-la-gi-cac-tieu-chi-de-tro-thanh-oca.html","title":{"rendered":"Khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (Optimal Currency Area – OCA) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh OCA"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hi\u0300nh minh ho\u0323a. Ngu\u00f4\u0300n: Germanpulse.com<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kha\u0301i ni\u00ea\u0323m<\/b><\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/b> trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng Anh la\u0300 Optimal Currency Area, <\/b>vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 OCA<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c gia. \u00d4ng Robert Mundell trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i cao h\u01a1n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 chung. \u0110\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd (b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/font><\/h3>\n

N\u0103m 1961, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada – Robert Mundell \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (OCA)<\/b> l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a OCA. Trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Robert Mundell, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra hay c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cho OCA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 h\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e1i th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed OCA c\u1ee7a Mundell<\/font><\/h3>\n

Theo Mundell,<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u:<\/p>\n

– D\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c. Do c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– D\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 trong OCA <\/b>d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san s\u1ebb.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a chung ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf san s\u1ebb r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ec9 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia r\u1ee7i ro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong OCA<\/b>. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. C\u00e1c chu k\u00ec th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong OCA.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng OCA s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong OCA \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t. C\u00e1c chu k\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chu k\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chu k\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c<\/font><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung trong OCA<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean OCA. <\/i><\/p>\n

– S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t OCA <\/b>do c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf (d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n) c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong OCA<\/b>. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong OCA.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m lung lay \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tham gia ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec OCA.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 OCA<\/font><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng euro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (OCA)<\/b>. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng euro \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Mundell v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 chung sau n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, Li\u00ean minh Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EMU) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p n\u0103m 2006. Do \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Sau s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EMU) <\/b>v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng euro cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sau cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y EMU kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t OCA th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng EMU \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb r\u1ee7i ro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n “kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh” c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng EMU ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong EMU c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a EMU theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed OCA <\/b>c\u1ee7a Mundell. Hy L\u1ea1p (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o OCA \u0111\u1ed3ng euro.<\/p>\n

(Theo Investopedia<\/i>)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Optimal Currency Area) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cao nh\u1ea5t.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26008"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26008\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}