{"id":26009,"date":"2023-12-07T02:19:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T02:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-choi-con-ret-centipede-game-trong-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-la-gi-vi-du-ve-tro-choi-con-ret.html"},"modified":"2023-12-22T11:24:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T04:24:23","slug":"tro-choi-con-ret-centipede-game-trong-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-la-gi-vi-du-ve-tro-choi-con-ret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/tro-choi-con-ret-centipede-game-trong-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-la-gi-vi-du-ve-tro-choi-con-ret.html","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft (Centipede Game) trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda (Ngu\u1ed3n: ytimg.com)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft (Centipede Game)<\/font><\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft<\/b> trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Centipede Game.<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i d\u1ea1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i thay phi\u00ean nhau c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n chia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 sau n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n anh ta gi\u1eef ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft <\/i>k\u1ebft th\u00fac ngay khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kia nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 “Th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9” nh\u01b0ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft <\/i>c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed\u00a0h\u1ecdc Robert Rosenthal v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft” l\u00e0 v\u00ec phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y 100 v\u00f2ng ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft<\/font><\/h3>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n sau c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft\u00a0<\/i>c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i, Jack v\u00e0 Jill. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 $2. Jack \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem anh ta n\u00ean “l\u1ea5y” ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng hay “b\u1ecf qua”. N\u1ebfu anh ta l\u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $2 v\u00e0 Jill nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0 \u0111\u00f4 la, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu anh ta b\u1ecf qua, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh “l\u1ea5y” hay “b\u1ecf qua” b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Jill.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb $2 l\u00ean $4; n\u1ebfu Jill l\u1ea5y, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $3 v\u00e0 Jack nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $1, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1ecf qua, Jack s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem n\u00ean “l\u1ea5y” hay “b\u1ecf qua”. N\u1ebfu anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecf qua, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1eeb $2 l\u00ean $6; n\u1ebfu Jack l\u1ea5y, anh ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $4, v\u00e0 Jill nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $2. N\u1ebfu anh ta b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 Jill nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1eeb $2 l\u00ean $8; n\u1ebfu Jill l\u1ea5y, Jack s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $3 \u0111\u00f4 la trong khi Jill \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $5.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 100 v\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn “b\u1ecf qua”, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 $50 khi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qui n\u1ea1p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00ed\u00a0thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Jack (hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn “l\u1ea5y” \u1edf v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng $1.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ecdn “l\u1ea5y” \u1edf v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. M\u1ed9t l\u00ed\u00a0do l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn “b\u1ecf qua”, thay v\u00ec l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn.\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00ed\u00a0do kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00ed lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh suy di\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00ed\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o b\u1edfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Nash.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ngay t\u1eeb v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam khi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

(T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o: investopedia.com)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i con r\u1ebft (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Centipede Game) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i d\u1ea1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i thay phi\u00ean nhau c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n chia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n.\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26009"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26009"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26009\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masterskills.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}